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Psychological and Physiological Trauma Research
Seize Your Journeys
_______________________ Traumatic stress is found in many competent, healthy, strong, good people. No one can completely protect themselves from traumatic experiences. Many people have long-lasting problems following exposure to trauma. Up to 8% of persons will have PTSD at some time in their lives. People who react to traumas are not going crazy. What is happening to them is part of a set of common symptoms and problems that are connected with being in a traumatic situation, and thus, is a normal reaction to abnormal events and experiences. Having symptoms after a traumatic event is NOT a sign of personal weakness. Given exposure to a trauma that is bad enough, probably all people would develop PTSD. By understanding trauma symptoms better, a person can become less fearful of them and better able to manage them. By recognizing the effects of trauma and knowing more about symptoms, a person will be better able to decide about getting treatment. _______________________
Body Dysmorphic Disorders
“Diagnostic Features The essential feature of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (historically known as dysmorphophobia) is a preoccupation with a defect in appearance (Criterion A). The defect is either imagined, or, if a slight physical anomaly is present, the individual’s concern is markedly excessive (Criterion A). The preoccupation must cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (Criterion B). The preoccupation is not better accounted for by another mental disorder (e.g., dissatisfaction with body shape and size in Anorexia Nervosa) (Criterion C.). Complaints commonly involve imagined or slight flaws of the face or head such as hair thinning, acne, wrinkles, scars, vascular markings, paleness or redness of the complexion, swelling, facial asymmetry or disproportion, or excessive facial hair. Other common preoccupations include the shape, size, or some other aspect of the nose, eyes, eyelids, eyebrows, ears, mouth, lips, teeth, jaw, chin, cheeks, or head. However, any other body part may be the focus of concern (e.g., the genitals, breasts, buttocks, abdomen, arms, hands, feet, legs, hips, shoulders, spine, larger body regions, overall body size, or body build and muscularity). The preoccupation may simultaneously focus on several body parts. Although the complaint is often specific (e.g., “crooked” lip or a “bumpy” nose), it is sometimes vague (e.g., a “falling” face or “inadequately firm” eyes). Because of embarrassment over their concerns or for other reasons, some individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder avoid describing their “defects” in detail and may instead refer only to their general ugliness. Most individuals with this disorder experience marked distress over their supposed deformity, often describing their preoccupations as “intensely painful,” “tormenting,” or “devastating.” Most find their preoccupations difficult to control, and they may make little or no attempt to resist them. As a result, they often spend hours a day thinking about their “defect,” to the point where these thoughts may dominate their lives. Significant impairment in many areas of functioning generally occurs. Feelings of self-consciousness about their “defect” may lead to avoidance of work, school, or public situations. Associated Features and Disorders Frequent checking of the defect, either directly or in a reflecting surface (e.g., mirrors, store windows, car bumpers, watch faces) can consume many hours a day. Some individuals use special lighting or magnifying glasses to scrutinize their “defect.” There may be excessive grooming behavior (e.g. excessive hair combing, hair removal, ritualized makeup application, or skin picking). Although the usual intent of checking and grooming is to diminish anxiety, be reassured about one’s appearance, or temporarily improve one’s appearance, these behaviors often intensify the preoccupation and associated anxiety. Consequently, some individuals avoid mirrors, sometimes covering them or removing them from their environment. Others alternate between periods of excessive mirror checking and avoidance. Other behaviors aimed at improving the “defect” include excessive exercise (e.g., weight lifting), dieting, and frequent changing of clothes. There may be frequent requests for reassurance about the “defect,” but such reassurance leads to only temporary, if any, relief. Individuals with the disorder may also frequently compare their “ugly” body part with that of others. They may try to camouflage the “defect” (e.g., growing a beard to cover imagined facials scars, wearing a hat to hide imagined hair loss, stuffing their shorts to enhance a “small” penis). Some individuals may be excessively preoccupied with fears that the “ugly” body part will malfunction or is extremely fragile and in constant danger of begin damaged. Insight about the perceived defect is often poor, and some individuals are delusional; that is, they are completely convinced that their view of the defect is accurate and undistorted, and they cannot be convinced otherwise. Ideas and delusions of reference related to the imagined defect are also common; that is, individuals with this disorder often think that others may be (or are) taking special notice of their supposed flaw, perhaps talking about it or mocking it. Avoidance of usual activities may lead to extreme social isolation. In some cases, individuals may leave their homes only at night, when they cannot be seen, or become housebound, sometimes for years. Individuals with this disorder may drop out of school, avoid job interviews, work at jobs below their capacity, or not work at all. They may have few friends, avoid dating and other social interactions, have marital difficulties, or get divorced because of their symptoms. The distress and dysfunction associated with this disorder, although variable, can lead to repeated hospitalization and to suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, ad completed suicide. Individuals with Body Dysmorphic Disorder often pursue and receive general medical (often dermatological), dental, or surgical treatments to rectify their imagined or slight defects. Occasionally, individuals may resort to extreme measures (e.g., self-surgery) to correct their perceived flaws. Such treatment may cause the disorder to worsen, leading to intensified or new preoccupations, which may in turn lead to further unsuccessful procedures, so that individuals may eventually possess “synthetic” noses, ears, breast, hips, or other body pars, which they are still dissatisfied with. Body Dysmorphic Disorder may be associated with Major Depressive Disorder, Delusional Disorder, Social Phobia, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.” American Psychiatric Association. 2000. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. p. 507-509.
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Eating Disorders “The Eating Disorders are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behavior. This section includes two specific diagnoses, Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by a refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight. Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting; misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications; fasting; or excessive exercise. A disturbance in perception of body shape and weight is an essential feature of both Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. An Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified category is also provided for coding behaviors that do not meet criteria for a specific Eating Disorder. Simple obesity is include in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) as a general medical condition but does not appear in DSM-IV because it has not been established that it is consistently associated with a psychological or behavioral syndrome. However, when there is evidence that psychological factors are of importance in the etiology or course of a particular case of obesity, this can be indicated by noting the presence of Psychological Factors Affecting Medical Condition. Disorders of Feeding and Eating that are usually first diagnosed in infancy or early childhood (i.e., Pica, Rumination Disorder, and Feeding Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood) are included in the section “Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood. Anorexia Nervosa Diagnostic Features The essential features of Anorexia Nervosa are that the individual refuses to maintain a minimally normal body weight, is intensely afraid of gaining weight, and exhibits a significant disturbance in the perception of the shape or size of his or her body. In addition, postmenarcheal females with this disorder are amenorrheic. (The term anorexia is a misnomer because loss of appetite is rare.) The individual maintains a body weight that is below a minimally normal level for age and height (Criterion A). When Anorexia Nervosa develops in an individual during childhood or early adolescence, there may be failure to make expected weight gains (i.e., while growing in height) instead of weight loss. Criterion A provides a guideline for determining when the individual meets the threshold for being underweight. It suggests that the individual weigh less than 85% of that weight that is considered normal for that person’s age and height (usually computed using one of several published versions of the Metropolitan Life Insurance tables or pediatric growth charts.). An alternative and somewhat stricter guideline (used in the ICD-10 Diagnostic Criteria for research) requires that the individual have a body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms/height in meters2) equal to or below 17.5kg/m2. These cutoffs are provided only as suggested guidelines for eh clinician, since it is unreasonable to specify a single standard for minimally normal weight that applies to all individuals of a given age and height. In determining a minimally normal weight, the clinician should consider not only such guidelines but also the individual’s body build and weight history. Usually weight loss is accomplished primarily through reduction in total food intake. Although individuals may begin by excluding from their diet what they perceive to be highly caloric foods, most eventually end up with a very restricted diet that is sometimes limited to only a few foods. Additional methods of weight loss include purging (i.e., self-induced vomiting or the misuse of laxative or diuretics) and increased or excessive exercise.) Individuals with this disorder intensely fear gaining weight or becoming fat (Criterion B). This intense fear of becoming fat is usually not alleviated by the weight loss. In fact, concern about weight gain often increases even as actual weight continues to decrease. The experience and significance of body weight and shape are distorted in these individuals (Criterion C). Some individuals feel globally overweight. Others realize that they are thin but are still concerned that certain parts of their bodies, particularly the abdomen, buttocks, and thighs are “to fat.” They may employ a wide variety of techniques to estimate their body size and weight, including excessive weighing, obsessive measuring of body parts, and persistently using a mirror to check for perceived areas of “fat.” The self-esteem of individuals with Anorexia Nervosa is highly dependent on their body shape and weight. Weight loss is viewed as an impressive achievement and a sign of extraordinary self-discipline, whereas weight gain is perceived as an unacceptable failure of self-control. Though some individuals with this disorder may acknowledge being thin, they typically deny the serious medical implications of their malnourished state. In postmenarcheal females, amenorrhea (due to abnormally low levels of estrogen secretion that are due in turn to diminished pituitary secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone [PSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH]) is an indicator of physiological dysfunction in Anorexia Nervosa (Criterion D.) Amenorrhea is usually a consequence of the weight loss but, in a minority of individuals, may actually precede it. In prepubertal females, menarche may be delayed by the illness. The individual is often brought to professional attention by family members after marked weight loss (or failure to make expected weight gains) has occurred. If individuals seek help on their own, it is usually because of their subjective distress over the somatic and psychological sequelae of starvation. It is rare for an individual with Anorexia Nervosa to complain of weight loss per se. Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa frequently lack insight into, or have considerable denial of, the problem and may be unreliable historians. It is therefore often necessary to obtain information form parents or other outside sources to evaluate the degree of weight loss and other features of the illness.” p. 583-584. Bulimia Nervosa “Diagnostic Features The essential features of Bulimia Nervosa are binge eating and inappropriate compensatory methods to prevent weight gain. In addition, the self-evaluation of individuals with Bulimia Nervosa is excessively influenced by body shape and weight. To qualify for the diagnosis, the binge eating and the inappropriate compensatory behaviors must occur, on average, at least twice a week for 3 months (Criterion C.) A binge is defined as eating in a discrete period of time an amount of food that is definitely larger than most individuals would eat under similar circumstances (Criterion A1.). The clinician should consider the context in which the eating occurred—what would be regarded as excessive consumption at a typical meal might be considered normal during a celebration or holiday meal. A “discrete period of time” refers to a limited period, usually less than 2 hours. A single episode of binge eating need not be restricted to one setting. For example, an individual may begin a binge in a restaurant and then continue it on returning home. Continual snacking on small amounts of food throughout the day would not be considered a binge. Although the type of food consumed during the binge varies, it typically includes sweet, high-calorie foods such as ice cream or cake. However, binge eating appears to be characterized more by an abnormality in the amount of food consumed than by a craving for a specific nutrient, such as carbohydrate. Although individuals with Bulimia Nervosa consume more calories during an episode of binge eating than persons without Bulimia Nervosa consume during a meal, the fractions of calories derived from protein, fat, and carbohydrate are similar. Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa are typically ashamed of their eating problems and attempt to conceal their symptoms. Binge eating usually occurs in secrecy, or as inconspicuously as possible. An episode may or may not be planned in advance and is usually (but not always) characterized by rapid consumption. The binge eating often continues until the individual is uncomfortably, or even painfully, full. Binge eating is typically triggered by dysphoric mood states, interpersonal stressors intense hunger following dietary restraint, or feelings related to body weight, body shape, and food. Binge eating may transiently reduce dysphoria, but disparaging self-criticism and depressed mood often follow. An episode of binge eating is also accompanied by a sense of lack of control (Criterion A2). An individual may be in a frenzied state while binge eating, especially early in the course of the disorder. Some individuals describe a dissociative quality during, or following, the binge episodes. After Bulimia Nervosa has persisted for some time, individuals may report that their binge-eating episodes are no longer characterized by an acute feeling of loss of control, but rather by behavioral indicators of impaired control, such as difficulty resisting binge eating or difficulty stopping a binge once it has begun. The impairment in control associated with binge eating in bulimia Nervosa is not absolute; for example, an individual may continue binge eating while the telephone is ringing, but will cease if a roommate or spouse unexpectedly enters the room. Another essential feature of Bulimia Nervosa is the recurrent use of inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain (Criterion B). Many individuals with Bulimia Nervosa employ several methods in their attempt to compensate for binge eating. The most common compensatory technique is the induction of vomiting after an episode of binge eating. This method of purging is employed by 80%-90% of individuals with Bulimia Nervosa who present for treatment of eating disorders clinics. The immediate effects of vomiting include relief from physical discomfort and reduction of fear of gaining weight. In some cases, vomiting becomes a goal in itself, and the person will binge in order to vomit or will vomit after eating a small amount of food. Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa may use a variety of methods to induce vomiting, including the use of fingers or instruments to stimulate the gag reflex. Individuals generally become adept at inducing vomiting and are eventually able to vomit at will. Rarely, individuals consume syrup of ipecac to induce vomiting. Other purging behaviors include the issue of laxatives and diuretics. Approximately one-third of those with Bulimia Nervosa misuse laxatives after binge eating. Rarely, individuals with the disorder will misuse enemas following episodes of binge eating, but this is seldom the sole compensatory method employed. Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa may fast for a day or more or exercise excessively in an attempt to compensate for binge eating. Exercise may be considered to be excessive when it significantly interferes with important activities, when it occurs at inappropriate times or in inappropriate settings, or when the individual continues to exercise despite injury or other medical complications. Rarely, individuals with this disorder may take thyroid hormone in an attempt to avoid weight gain. Individuals with diabetes mellitus and Bulimia Nervosa may omit or reduce insulin doses in order to reduce the metabolism of food consumed during eating binges. Individuals with Bulimia Nervosa place an excessive emphasis on body shape and weight in their self-evaluation, and these factors are typically the most important ones in determining self-esteem (Criterion D). Individuals with this disorder may closely resemble those with Anorexia Nervosa in their fear of gaining weight, in their desire to lose weight, and in the level of dissatisfaction with their bodies. However, a diagnosis of Bulimia Nervosa should not be given when the disturbance occurs only during episodes of Anorexia Nervosa (Criterion E).” p. 589-591
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 2000. 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
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Body Dysmorphia
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
III _____ Record: 1 Title: SSRI for body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Heimann, Steven W. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol 36(7), Jul 1997. pp. 868. Journal URL: http://www.jaacap.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0890-8567 (Print) 1527-5418 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: fluoxetine, 17 yr old female with body dysmorphic disorder & major depression, case report, letter Abstract: Reports a case of a 17-yr-old White female who was initially diagnosed with major depression and treated with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine. Despite medication compliance, the S continued to suffer from symptoms. A closer review revealed the S's preoccupation with being scrutinized by others, feeling "physically disgusting," and other classic body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) symptoms. After fluoxetine dose was increased to 20mg/day, the S gained control over her symptoms. However, the S became noncompliant with the medication and suffered a full relapse within 3 wks. When fluoxetine therapy was resumed, the S regained control of her symptoms within 4 mo. This case supports the use of SSRIs, in this case fluoxetine, to treat BDD. In addition, clinicians should be cognizant that the presentation of affective symptoms may actually reflect other processes, such as BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances; *Drug Therapy; *Fluoxetine; *Major Depression; Case Report Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970101 Accession Number: 1997-05224-003 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-05224-003 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-052 24-003">SSRI for body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 2 Title: Two cases of body dysmorphic disorder in women with eating disorders. Author(s): Bulik, Cynthia M., Medical Coll of Virginia, Dept of Psychiatry, Richmond, VA, US Sullivan, Patrick F. Source: European Eating Disorders Review, Vol 5(2), Jun 1997. pp. 96-101. Journal URL: http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1072-4133/Publisher: US: John Wiley & Sons Publisher URL: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/ISSN: 1072-4133 (Print) 1099-0968 (Electronic) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0968(199706)5:2<96::AID-ERV193>3.3.CO;2-O Language: English Keywords: comorbid body dysmorphic disorder & bulimia nervosa, 23- & 25-yr-old females Abstract: Reports 2 cases (23- and 25-yr-old females) of comorbid body dysmorphic disorder comorbid with bulimia nervosa. In both individuals the perceived physical defect was separate from the body dissatisfaction and body image distortion common in women with eating disorders The obsessional nature of body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders and the presence of extreme self-focused attention as features of these cases are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Bulimia; *Comorbidity Classification: Eating Disorders (3260) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19990301 Accession Number: 1999-00145-003 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1999-00145-003 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1999-001 45-003">Two cases of body dysmorphic disorder in women with eating disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 3 Title: Prevalence, phenomenology and comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder (dysmorphophobia) in a clinical population. Author(s): Perugi, Giulio, U Pisa, Inst of Psychiatry, Pisa, Italy Giannotti, Danielle Frare, Franco Di Vaio, Sabrina Valori, Elena Maggi, Luca Cassano, Giovanni Battista Akiskal, Hagop Souren Source: International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, Vol 1(2), Jun 1997. pp. 77-82. Journal URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/md/13651501.htmlPublisher: United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis Publisher URL: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/ISSN: 1365-1501 (Print) 1471-1788 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: prevalence & phenomenology & comorbidity, patients with dysmorphophobia Abstract: Investigated the demographics, phenomenology, course, associated psychopathology and family history in a series of 58 patients (34 men and 24 women) with dysmorphophobia. The patients were assessed with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist and 2 specially constructed instruments developed by the authors. The mean age at onset of body dysmorphic disorder was 17 yrs and the average duration was 9 yrs. The most common preoccupations were defects of the face, nose, genitals and legs. 79% of the patients reported excessive mirror checking and 53% reported attempts to camouflage their 'deformities'. As a result of their symptoms, 89.6% avoided the usual social activities, 51.7% showed an impairment of their academic or job performance, 45% experienced suicidal ideation and 36% showed aggressive behavior. 72% of the patients had an associated lifetime diagnosis of a major mood disorder and 74% of an anxiety disorder. Body dysmorphic disorder has a generally chronic course, causes considerable distress and a serious impairment in many areas, and shows strong links with mood and obsessive-compulsive disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Epidemiology; *Phenomenology Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19981001 Accession Number: 1998-06263-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-06263-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-062 63-001">Prevalence, phenomenology and comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder (dysmorphophobia) in a clinical population.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 4 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder by proxy. Author(s): Josephson, Stephen C. Hollander, Eric Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 58(2), Feb 1997. pp. 86-87. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: concern with appearance of others in variant of body dysmorphic disorder & comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder, 32 yr old female & 39 yr old male, case reports, letter Abstract: Reports 2 cases of a variant of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) which involves a shift from concern over personal appearance to distress over the appearance of others. The Ss were a 39-yr-old man with symptoms of obsessive preoccupation with the facial and body hair of his children and a 32-yr-old woman who was irrationally obsessive with her fiancé's nose. Treatment in both cases included exposure and response prevention. A history of obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) in both cases indicates the frequent comorbidity of BDD and OCD. These 2 cases suggest that BDD criteria might be expanded to include "appearance obsessions" in others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Comorbidity; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Physical Appearance; Case Report Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970101 Accession Number: 1997-07976-008 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-07976-008 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-079 76-008">Body dysmorphic disorder by proxy.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 5 Title: Obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults. Series Title: American Psychiatric Press review of psychiatry; Vol. 16 Author(s): Pato, Michele T., State U New York, Dept of Psychiatry, Buffalo, NY, US Pato, Carlos N. Source: American Psychiatric Press review of psychiatry, Vol. 16. Dickstein, Leah J. (Ed); Riba, Michelle B. (Ed); Oldham, John M. (Ed) ; pp. III-29-III-55. Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1997. lxvii, 824 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-443-8 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: comorbidity & differential diagnosis & etiology & treatment considerations of obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults Abstract: This chapter begins with a discussion of the clinical characteristics of adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Comorbidity and differential diagnosis of OCD is addressed with a focus on OCD and anxiety disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, and psychotic and impulse-control disorders. The areas (neurochemical, neuroanatomical, neuroimmunological, genetic, ethological, learning theory, and psychodynamic) in which evidence regarding the etiology and pathophysiology of OCD is categorized are considered . The chapter concludes with a discussion on treatment considerations (assessment, pharmacological treatments, duration of treatment, dosing, recommendations, resistance to treatment, and behavior therapy). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Comorbidity; *Differential Diagnosis; *Drug Therapy; *Etiology; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Behavior Therapy Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Release Date: 19970101 Correction Date: 20050907 Accession Number: 1997-08553-012 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-08553-012 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-085 53-012">Obsessive-compulsive disorder in adults.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 6 Title: Tratamiento cognitivo-conductual de la insatisfacción corporal. Translated Title: Cognitive-behavioral therapy in body image disturbance. Author(s): Raich, R. M., U Autónoma de Barcelona, Facultad de Psicología, Dept de Psicología de la Salud y Psicología Social, Spain Mora, M. Marroquín, H. Pulido, S. A. Soler, A. Source: Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, Vol 23(89), 1997. pp. 405-424. Publisher: Spain: Editorial Promolibro Publisher URL: http://www.promolibro.comISSN: 0211-7339 (Print) Language: Spanish Keywords: cognitive behavioral treatment, body image distortion: female adults with body image disorders, 9 wk & 1 yr follow ups Abstract: Studied the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for body image distortion. Human Ss: 42 female Spanish adults (mean age 23.4 yrs) (body image disorders). 30 Ss were treated and 12 Ss were untreated controls. Data on sociodemographic variables and body image were evaluated by semistructured interview. Treatment consisted of a series of 9 small group therapy sessions that consisted of information on appearance, correction of perceptive distortions, desensitization and relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, prevention of ritual responses, and relapse prevention exercises. The results were evaluated according to changes in perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral components of body image distortion at 9 wks and at 1 yr followup. Tests used: The Body Shape Questionnaire (J. C. Rosen and J. T. Reiter, 1995), the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (Rosen and Reiter, 1995), the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (Rosen et al, 1990) and others. An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and other statistical tests were used. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Cognitive Therapy Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Location: Spain Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Methodology: Empirical Study; Followup Study; Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19980801 Accession Number: 1998-01318-004 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-01318-004 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-013 18-004">Tratamiento cognitivo-conductual de la insatisfacción corporal.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 7 Title: Técnicas de intervención en los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario. Translated Title: Treatment procedures for eating disorders. Author(s): Saldaña García, Carmina, U Barcelona, Dept de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamientos Psicológicos, Barcelona, Spain Tomàs Arbona, Isabel Bach Juncadella, Lorenzo Source: Ansiedad y Estrés, Vol 3(2-3), 1997. pp. 319-337. Journal URL: http://www.ucm.es/info/seas/Revista/index.htmPublisher: Spain: Sociedad Española para el Estudio de la Ansiedad y el Estrés Publisher URL: http://www.ucm.es/info/seas/ISSN: 1134-7937 (Print) Language: Spanish Keywords: cognitive-behavioral therapy, patients with anorexia or bulimia or body dysmorphic disorder or depression Abstract: Discusses the cognitive-behavior treatment of eating disorders. Interventions for anorexia nervosa, bulimia, body dysmorphic disorder, and depression are described. Psychosocial factors and psychological strategies are reviewed. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Anorexia Nervosa; *Body Image Disturbances; *Bulimia; *Cognitive Therapy; *Major Depression Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19990701 Accession Number: 1999-00997-010 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1999-00997-010 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1999-009 97-010">Técnicas de intervención en los trastornos del comportamiento alimentario.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 8 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: A preliminary evaluation of treatment and maintenance using exposure with response prevention. Author(s): McKay, Dean, Fordham U, Dept of Psychology, New York, NY, US Todaro, John Neziroglu, Fugen Campisi, Theresa Source: Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol 35(1), Jan 1997. pp. 67-70. Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/265/descrip tion#description Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher URL: http://elsevier.comISSN: 0005-7967 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1016/S0005-7967(96)00082-4 Language: English Keywords: exposure with response prevention, body dysmorphic disorder, 21-45 yr olds Abstract: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has been shown to share common etiological and symptom presentation to obsessive-compulsive disorder. When treating BDD, there have been some investigations suggesting that exposure with response prevention is effective in alleviating symptoms. 10 patients diagnosed with BDD participated in a study examining the effects of treatment and maintenance using exposure with response prevention. They received a standard behavior therapy protocol consisting of exposure in vivo and in imagery, with response prevention. Symptom severity, depression, anxiety, and avoidance were assessed weekly during treatment. Following treatment, a 6-mo maintenance program was instituted for 5 Ss, with the other 5 serving as controls. Ss in the maintenance program were assessed biweekly with all measures and a 6-mo follow-up was conducted. Ss improved for measures of avoidance, BDD symptoms, depression and anxiety when using exposure with response prevention. Although all Ss remained symptom free at follow-up, those in the maintenance program continued to improve. BDD appears to be amenable to exposure with response prevention treatment. Additional treatment gains can be obtained when structured maintenance programs are implemented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Behavior Modification; *Body Image Disturbances; *Exposure Therapy Classification: Behavior Therapy & Behavior Modification (3312) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970101 Accession Number: 1997-02252-008 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-02252-008 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-022 52-008">Body dysmorphic disorder: A preliminary evaluation of treatment and maintenance using exposure with response prevention.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 9 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: Seven cases treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Author(s): Brown, Keith W., Bellsdyke Hosp, Central Scotland Healthcare NHS Trust, Falkirk, Scotland McGoldrick, Therese Buchanan, Robin Source: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol 25(2), 1997. pp. 203-207. Journal URL: http://www.cambridge.org/uk/journals/journal_catalogue.asp?mnemonic=bcp Publisher: US: Cambridge Univ Press Publisher URL: http://www.cup.orgISSN: 1352-4658 (Print) 1469-1833 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: eye movement desensitization & reprocessing therapy, patients with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Body dysmorphic disorder is an illness of generally chronic course which can lead to significant impairment of social functioning, unnecessary plastic surgery and even suicide. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a newly developed psychotherapeutic procedure used in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, grief reactions and generalized anxiety. In this paper the authors describe the use of EMDR in 7 consecutive cases of body dysmorphic disorder. Improvements were obtained in 6 of the 7 patients, 5 of whom had a complete resolution of their symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Eye Movement Desensitization Therapy Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer-Reviewed Status-Unknown Release Date: 19980801 Correction Date: 20050919 Accession Number: 1998-04664-008 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-04664-008 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-046 64-008">Body dysmorphic disorder: Seven cases treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 10 Title: Obsessive-compulsive disorder: The hidden epidemic. Author(s): Hollander, Eric, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, New York, NY, US Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 58(Suppl 12), 1997. pp. 3-6. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: definition & classification & treatment & economic issues of obsessive-compulsive disorder & related spectrum disorders Abstract: Provides a general overview of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), including a definition and classification. Topics discussed include types of therapy that have been tried, and those considered successful (potent serotonin reuptake inhibitors and behavior therapy); the effects of OCD on the quality of life of sufferers; and economic issues, including hospital costs and patients' lost wages. Also discussed are related spectrum disorders, including pathological gambling, body dysmorphic disorder, and autism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Health Care Costs; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Treatment; Behavior Therapy; Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Conference: OCD: New Perspectives and Practical Management, May, 1996, New York, NY, US Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19980401 Accession Number: 1997-42463-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-42463-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-424 63-001">Obsessive-compulsive disorder: The hidden epidemic.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 11 Title: A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: Development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Brown U School of Medicine, Butler Hosp, Dept of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Pro, US Hollander, Eric Rasmussen, Steven A. Aronowitz, Bonnie R. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin, Vol 33(1), 1997. pp. 17-22. Publisher: US: Psychopharmacology Bulletin ISSN: 0048-5764 (Print) Language: English Keywords: development & reliability & validity of Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder, assessment of illness severity, patients with body dysmorphic disorder, conference presentation Abstract: Developed the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD-YBOCS), a 12-item semistructured clinician-rated instrument designed to rate severity of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The scale was administered to 125 Ss ([63 males]; mean age 32.8 yrs) with BDD, and interviews with 15 Ss were rated by 3 other raters. Test-retest reliability was assessed in 30 Ss. The Global Assessment of Functioning scale and various scales including the Beck Depression Inventory, were administered to assess convergent and discriminant validity, respectively. Sensitivity to change was evaluated in a study of fluvoxamine in 26 patients ([10 males]; mean age 33.5 yrs) with BDD. Each item was endorsed across a range of severity. Interrater reliability, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency were obtained. Scores from the BDD-YBOCS scores correlated with global severity scores but not with a measure of general psychopathology; they were modestly positively correlated with depression severity scores. Three factors accounted for 59.6% of the variance. The scale was sensitive to change in BDD severity. The BDD-YBOCS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of BDD severity and is a suitable outcome measure in treatment studies of BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Rating Scales; *Severity (Disorders); *Test Construction; *Test Reliability; *Test Validity; Body Image Disturbances; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Clinical Psychological Testing (2224) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Tests & Measures: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970101 Accession Number: 1997-03978-003 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-03978-003 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-039 78-003">A severity rating scale for body dysmorphic disorder: Development, reliability, and validity of a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 12 Title: Epidemiology of somatoform disorders: A community survey in Florence. Author(s): Faravelli, C., Florence U Medical School, Dept of Neurology & Psychiatry, Italy Salvatori, S. Galassi, F. Aiazzi, L. Source: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, Vol 32(1), Jan 1997. pp. 24-29. Journal URL: http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,4-40109-70-10059 23-0,00.html Publisher: Germany: Springer Publisher URL: http://www.springeronline.comISSN: 0933-7954 (Print) 1433-9285 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: prevalence of hypochondriasis & body dysmorphic & somatoform pain & conversion disorder & somatization & undifferentiated somatoform disorders, 15-65+ yr olds, Italy Abstract: The prevalence rates of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) somatoform disorders were studied in 2 wards of the city of Florence. In order to be representative of the general population, 673 Ss randomly selected were interviewed by their own GP. Four GPs, all with specific training in psychiatry, participated in the interviewing process. The 1-yr prevalence figures were as follows: 0.7% body dysmorphic disorder; 4.5% hypochondriasis; 0.6% somatoform pain disorder; 0.3% conversion disorder; 0.7% somatization disorder; 13.8% undifferentiated somatoform disorder. No specific comorbidity was found between somatoform disorders and mood or anxiety disorders. Although the sample investigated was small, this study may be seen as one of the first in an area where knowledge is still scant. The prevalence rates of somatoform disorders were generally found to be slightly lower than expected. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Hypochondriasis; *Somatoform Disorders; *Somatoform Pain Disorder Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Location: Italy Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970101 Accession Number: 1997-03687-004 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-03687-004 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-036 87-004">Epidemiology of somatoform disorders: A community survey in Florence.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 13 Title: Obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Author(s): Yaryura-Tobias, José A., Inst for Bio-Behavioral Therapy & Research, Great Neck, NY, US Neziroglu, Fugen A. Source: Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1997. xvi, 321 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-707-0 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: related disorders & treatment regimens, patients with obsessive compulsive disorder Abstract: (from the jacket) "Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Spectrum" presents a comprehensive examination of OCD [obsessive-compulsive disorder], its related disorders, and their treatment regimens. [The authors] propose a unique theory for OCD that defines the condition as a complex phenomenon of unknown duration with a variable symptomatology that affects the individual's cognitive, behavioral, biological, and social well-being. They argue that OCD is not a single clinical entity but part of a continuum of related disorders previously considered to be separate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Mental Disorders; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Treatment Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Authored Book Release Date: 19970701 Accession Number: 1997-97157-000 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-97157-000 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-971 57-000">Obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 14 Title: Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on persons with body dysmorphic disorder and comorbid Axis II diagnosis. Author(s): Neziroglu, Fugen, Inst for Bio-Behavioral Therapy & Research, US McKay, Dean Todaro, John Yaryura-Tobias, Jose A. Source: Behavior Therapy, Vol 27(1), Win 1996. pp. 67-77. Publisher: US: Assn for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Publisher URL: http://www.aabt.orgISSN: 0005-7894 (Print) Language: English Keywords: cognitive behavior therapy, preoccupation with perceived physical defect, 15-45 yr olds with body dysmorphic & comorbid personality disorder Abstract: Determined the effect of intensive cognitive behavior therapy on body dysmorphic disorder and investigated the presence of comorbid personality disorders in this population. 17 Ss (aged 15-45 yrs) diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder received 4 wks of daily 90 min sessions of cognitive behavior therapy. During treatment, Ss were exposed to their perceived physical defect and prevented from engaging in behaviors that reduce their discomfort. The majority of Ss were preoccupied with their nose and complexion, and, consequently, they frequently checked their defective body parts, looked in the mirror, and avoided social interaction. At the end of treatment there was a significant decrease in their preoccupation and time engaged in the above behaviors. The most common personality disorders were avoidant, obsessive compulsive, borderline, self defeating, and dependent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Cognitive Therapy; *Comorbidity; *Personality Disorders Classification: Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling (3310) Population: Human (10) Location: US Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-01003-005 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-01003-005 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-010 03-005">Effect of cognitive behavior therapy on persons with body dysmorphic disorder and comorbid Axis II diagnosis.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 15 Title: Fluvoxamine in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (dysmorphophobia). Author(s): Perugi, G., U Pisa, Istituto di Psichiatria, Pisa, Italy Giannotti, D. Di Vaio, S. Frare, F. Saettoni, M. Cassano, G. B. Source: International Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 11(4), Dec 1996. pp. 247-254. Journal URL: http://www.intclinpsychopharm.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0268-1315 (Print) 1473-5857 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: fluvoxamine, 18-55 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder, 10 wk study, Italy Abstract: 12 consecutive patients (6 men, 6 women; aged 18-55 yrs) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) were included in a 10-wk open clinical trial of fluvoxamine (FLU). Treatment began at 100 mg/day FLU and was increased to a maximum of 300 mg/day or until intolerable side effects developed or a complete or nearly complete resolution of symptoms occurred. At baseline and at wks 2, 6, and 10, Ss completed the Hopkins Symptoms Check-List and a specific rating scale for BDD symptoms, and clinicians completed a Clinical Global Improvement Scale. After 10 wks, 10 of the 12 Ss were considered to be markedly improved, one minimally improved, and one unchanged. Several outcome measures showed a significant improvement from baseline to wk 10. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Drug Therapy; *Fluvoxamine; Longitudinal Studies Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Location: Italy Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360) Methodology: Empirical Study; Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19980401 Accession Number: 1997-38916-006 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-38916-006 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-389 16-006">Fluvoxamine in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder (dysmorphophobia).</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 16 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Albertini, Ralph S., Brown U, School of Medicine, Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US Phillips, Katharine A. Guevremont, David Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol 35(11), Nov 1996. pp. 1425-1426. Journal URL: http://www.jaacap.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0890-8567 (Print) 1527-5418 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: fluoxetine, 6.3 yr old male with body dysmorphic disorder, case report, letter Abstract: Presents the case of a 6-yr 4-mo-old boy with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). The S was presented for evaluation of aggressive and violent outbursts that began at age 4. He had a history of repeated intrauterine exposure to cocaine, marihuana, and alcohol, and had been physically and possibly sexually abused prior to age 3. His diagnoses were posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). When he was 5 yrs old, he became increasingly concerned with his appearance. Treatment with fluoxetine 10 mg/day was initiated. After 3 wks, the S's BDD symptomatology began to decrease and after 2 mo of treatment with fluoxetine up to 20 mg/day, his BDD symptomatology had decreased significantly. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Drug Therapy; *Fluoxetine; Case Report Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Age Group: Childhood (birth-12 yrs) (100) School Age (6-12 yrs) (180) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Letter Release Date: 19970101 Accession Number: 1997-02509-007 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-02509-007 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-025 09-007">Body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 17 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: A cognitive behavioural model and pilot randomised controlled trial. Author(s): Veale, David, Grovelands Priory Hosp, London, England Gournay, Kevin Dryden, Windy Boocock, Anne Shah, Fozia Willson, Robert Walburn, Jessica Source: Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol 34(9), Sep 1996. pp. 717-279. Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/265/descrip tion#description Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher URL: http://elsevier.comISSN: 0005-7967 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1016/0005-7967(96)00025-3 Language: English Keywords: cognitive behavioral treatment model, adult patients with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: A cognitive behavioral model of body image is presented with specific reference to body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). We make specific hypotheses from the model for testing BDD patients in comparison with: (i) patients with "real" disfigurements who seek cosmetic surgery; (ii) subjects with "real" disfigurements who are emotionally well adjusted; and (iii) healthy controls without any defect. There have been no randomised controlled trials of treatment for BDD and therefore the model has clear implications for the development of cognitive behavioral therapy. This was evaluated in a pilot controlled trial. Nineteen patients were randomly allocated to either cognitive behavior therapy or a waiting list control group over 12 weeks. There were no significant pre-post differences on any of the measures in the waiting list group. There were significant changes in the treated group on specific measures of BDD and depressed mood. Cognitive behavior therapy should be further evaluated in a larger controlled trial in comparison with another psychological treatment such as interpersonal therapy and pharmacotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image; *Cognitive Therapy Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Outpatient (60) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Methodology: Empirical Study; Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-01009-004 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-01009-004 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-010 09-004">Body dysmorphic disorder: A cognitive behavioural model and pilot randomised controlled trial.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 18 Title: Development of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination. Author(s): Rosen, James C., U Vermont, Burlington, VT, US Reiter, Jeff Source: Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol 34(9), Sep 1996. pp. 755-766. Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/265/descrip tion#description Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher URL: http://elsevier.comISSN: 0005-7967 (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1016/0005-7967(96)00024-1 Language: English Keywords: development & reliability & validity of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination, adults Abstract: The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE) is a semi-structured clinical interview designed to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder and to measure symptoms of severely negative body image. It taps into preoccupation with and negative evaluation of appearance, self-consciousness and embarrassment, excessive importance given to appearance in self-evaluation, avoidance of activities, body camouflaging, and body checking. The BDDE had adequate internal consistency and test-retest and interrater reliability. It correlated with measures of body image, negative self-esteem, and psychological symptoms, and was sensitive to change following treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. The BDDE distinguished body dysmorphic disorder patients from clinical and non-clinical control subjects and agreed with other clinicians' diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder. The BDDE provided unique information in predicting clinical status when controlling for psychological adjustment and other measures of body image. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image; *Measurement; *Test Construction; Test Reliability; Test Validity Classification: Clinical Psychological Testing (2224) Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-01009-008 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-01009-008 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-010 09-008">Development of the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 19 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: A survey of fifty cases. Author(s): Veale, David, Grovelands Priory Hosp, London, England Boocock, Ann Gournay, Kevin Dryden, Windy Source: British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 169(2), Aug 1996. pp. 196-201. Journal URL: http://bjp.rcpsych.org/Publisher: United Kingdom: Royal College of Psychiatrists Publisher URL: http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/ISSN: 0007-1250 (Print) 1472-1465 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: measures of body dysmorphic disorder, 19-58 yr olds, United Kingdom Abstract: Evaluated specific measures of body dysmorphic disorder in 50 patients (aged 19-58 yrs). The average age at onset was late adolescence and a large proportion of patients were either single or divorced. 75% of the sample were female. There was a high degree of comorbidity with the most common additional Axis I diagnosis being either a mood disorder (26%), social phobia (16%) or obsessive compulsive disorder (6%). 24% had made a suicide attempt in the past. Personality disorders were present in 72% of patients, the most common being paranoid, avoidant and obsessive compulsive. BDD patients had a high associated comorbidity and previous suicide attempts. BDD is a chronic handicapping disorder and patients are not being adequately identified or treated by health professionals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Location: United Kingdom; England Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-06105-011 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-06105-011 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-061 05-011">Body dysmorphic disorder: A survey of fifty cases.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 20 Title: A conceptual and quantitative analysis of 178 historical cases of dysmorphophobia. Author(s): Berrios, G. E., U Cambridge, Dept of Psychiatry, Addenbrooke's Hosp, Cambridge, England Kan, Chung-Sing Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol 94(1), Jul 1996. pp. 1-7. Journal URL: http://www.blackwellmunksgaard.com/actapsychPublisher: United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing Publisher URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.comISSN: 0001-690X (Print) 1600-0447 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: psychotic vs nonpsychotic features & outcome, male vs female patients with dysmorphophobia assessed before vs after DSM-III criteria map Abstract: Analyzes the historical framework within which the construction of the clinical category "dysmorphophobia," now know as body dysmorphic disorder, evolved and traces the history of dysmorphophobia in qualitative and quantitative terms. With regard to the latter, it compares cases reported before (n=139, mean age 29.6 yrs) and after (n=39, mean age 29.1 yrs) the publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III (DSM-III) criteria map. Variables examined include gender, outcome, and psychotic vs nonpsychotic features. Results show that the pre-DSM-III sample included more male Ss and more sexual disorders, received less drug treatment, and had worse outcomes than the post-DSM-III group. In the pre-DSM-III group, females were more depressed, more anxious, and exhibited more symptoms that were "psychodynamically meaningful" than did males in this group. In the post-DSM-III sample, females showed more obsessional behaviors than did their male counterparts. Within the pre-DSM-III group, Ss with psychotic features were less often married, exhibited far more sexual complaints, and had worse outcomes than did non-psychotic Ss in the group. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; *Human Sex Differences; *Psychosis Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-05589-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-05589-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-055 89-001">A conceptual and quantitative analysis of 178 historical cases of dysmorphophobia.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 21 Title: Spectrum models. Author(s): Smith, Mary N. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 57(7), Jul 1996. pp. 310-311. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: categorization of body dysmorphic disorder as obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder & part of broad affective disorder spectrum, commentary, letter Abstract: Argues that the hypothesis of K. Phillips et al (see record 1996-14588-001) that body dysmorphic disorder may be an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder, which may be a part of a larger affective spectrum disorder is not a useful categorization because of its broadness, and because it seems to consider all disorders related if they occur in the brain as a result of serotonin dysregulation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Affective Disorders; *Body Image Disturbances; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Psychodiagnosis; *Taxonomies Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-05511-014 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-05511-014 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-055 11-014">Spectrum models.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 22 Title: 'Spectrum models': Reply. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 57(7), Jul 1996. pp. 311. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: categorization of body dysmorphic disorder as obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder & part of broad affective disorder spectrum, commentary reply, letter Abstract: Responds to M. Smith's (see record 84-11924) assertion that spectrum models are too broad to be useful by discussing the utility of obsessive-compulsive disorder and affective spectrum models. These models have implications for accurate classification, the clustering of disorders in patients and family members, treatment, and pathophysiology and etiology. The potential relationship of body dysmorphic disorder and the obsessive-compulsive disorder spectrum is considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Affective Disorders; *Body Image Disturbances; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Psychodiagnosis; *Taxonomies Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-05511-015 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-05511-015 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-055 11-015">'Spectrum models': Reply.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 23 Title: 'MAOI-carbamazepine combination and statistical power': Reply. Author(s): Ketter, Terence A. Post, Robert M. Parekh, Priti I. Worthington, Kathy Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 57(7), Jul 1996. pp. 312. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: categorization of body dysmorphic disorder as obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder & part of broad affective disorder spectrum, commentary reply, letter Abstract: Comments on the discussion by C. Blanco-Jerez et al (see record 84-12940) of the sample sizes needed for adequate statistical power in determining the effect of MAO inhibitors and carbamazepine interactions in conjunctive use with treatment resistant depression, remarking that these sample sizes are difficult to obtain. Serious adverse effects may become apparent only with postmarketing surveillance, but components of risk management in the case of conjunctive MAO inhibitor and carbamazepine treatment are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Affective Disorders; *Body Image Disturbances; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Psychodiagnosis; *Taxonomies Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-05511-017 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-05511-017 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-055 11-017">'MAOI-carbamazepine combination and statistical power': Reply.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 24 Title: Exposure and response prevention in the treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Author(s): Campisi, Theresa Ann, Hofstra U, US Source: Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Vol 56(12-B), Jun 1996. pp. 7036. Publisher: US: Univ Microfilms International Publisher URL: http://www.il.proquest.com/umi/ISSN: 0419-4217 (Print) Order Number: AAM9611409 Language: English Keywords: effectiveness of exposure & response prevention in treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder, patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder Abstract: The present study evaluated the effectiveness of exposure and response prevention (ERP) for the treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), using a single subject, multiple baseline design. Four subjects each received exposure and response prevention for seven weeks, after four weeks of baseline. The follow-up period was two weeks long. Each of three body areas served as the multiple baselines for each subject and were developed into a separate hierarchy, from least to most anxiety-provoking. For each subject, one symptom was treated at a time with improving SUDs ratings of 70% necessary to proceed to another symptom. At least one symptom or body part was not treated to demonstrate the effects of ERP. Dependent measures included Subjective Units of Distress for each of three body parts, the Overvalued Ideas Scale, and the Body Satisfaction Scale. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale for BDD, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, social adjustment and social phobia scales were also administered. Data were analyzed according to an ipsative z score method acceptable for serially dependent data. Results indicate that ERP did not significantly decrease distress ratings or overvalued ideas in three of four subjects. Body satisfaction failed to improve for any subjects following ERP treatment. Three of four subjects demonstrated statistically significant decreases in obsessions and compulsions. Two subjects with initially severe anxiety decreased to the moderate range. One subject with mild depression decreased to normal limits after ERP, but two subjects who had severe depression did not decrease. Therefore, ERP was effective in decreasing obsessions and compulsions while discomfort with appearance did not change for three of four subjects. Beginning treatment with less, rather than more distress provoking areas may increase the efficacy of ERP, as these areas are likely to have lower overvalued ideas associated with them, and may lead to generalization (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Exposure Therapy; *Somatoform Disorders; *Treatment; Anxiety; Body Image Disturbances; Compulsions; Depression (Emotion); Distress; Obsessions; Social Phobia Classification: General Psychology (2100) Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Tests & Measures: Beck Anxiety Inventory Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Dissertation Abstract Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-95011-190 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-95011-190 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-950 11-190">Exposure and response prevention in the treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 25 Title: The body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Jerome, Laurence Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol 35(5), May 1996. pp. 559. Journal URL: http://www.jaacap.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0890-8567 (Print) 1527-5418 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: sertraline, 17 yr old male with dysmorphophobia & comorbid depression, case report, commentary, implications for relation to obsessive compulsive disorder, letter Abstract: Comments on the relationship between dysmorphophobia and obsessive compulsive disorder in H. E. El-khatib and T. O. Dickey's (see record 1996-23891-001) case report of a 17-yr-old man with dysmorphophobia and comorbid depression treated with sertraline. The usefulness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing the obsessional thoughts and compulsive behavior with dysmorphophobia is considered. Visual analog ratings of attractiveness with dysmorphophobic patients is discussed as a means of defining their concerns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Drug Therapy; *Major Depression; *Sertraline; Case Report; Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Methodology: Clinical Case Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-03953-008 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-03953-008 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-039 53-008">The body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 26 Title: Serotonin, psilocybin, and body dysmorphic disorder: A case report. Author(s): Hanes, Karl R., Mental Health Research Inst, Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Unit, Parkville, VIC, Australia Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 16(2), Apr 1996. pp. 188-189. Journal URL: http://www.psychopharmacology.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0271-0749 (Print) 1533-712X (Electronic) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1097/00004714-199604000-00011 Language: English Keywords: effects of ingested psilocybe fungi vs prescribed fluoxetine, 27 yr old male with body dysmorphic disorder, serotonergic implications, case report, letter Abstract: Presents evidence supporting the assumption of a serotonergic basis for body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Reports the case of a 27-yr-old male with social anxiety related to his preoccupation with perceived defects in his facial appearance. The S had previously used recreational drugs in order to relieve his symptoms and reported that BDD symptoms were altered with the ingestion of psilocybe fungi, which contain the serotonergic agent psilocybin. Following 3 wks of fluoxetine 40 mg/day, the S reported significant reduction of BDD symptoms; therapy was continued for 18 mos with the S's condition remaining stable. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Drug Therapy; *Fluoxetine; *Psilocybin; *Serotonin; Case Report Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Letter Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-03819-011 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-03819-011 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-038 19-011">Serotonin, psilocybin, and body dysmorphic disorder: A case report.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 27 Title: Dysmorphophobia: Differential-diagnostic aspects. Author(s): Modell, S., U Munich, Psychiatric Hosp, Munich, Germany Kurtz, Gabriele Hoff, P. Source: Psychopathology, Vol 29(2), Mar-Apr 1996. pp. 126-130. Journal URL: http://www.karger.ch/journals/psp/psp_jh.htmPublisher: Switzerland: Karger Publisher URL: http://www.karger.com/ISSN: 0254-4962 (Print) 1423-033X (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: nosology & differential diagnosis of dysmorphophobia, 35 yr old female patient with depressive-suicidal syndrome & dysmorphophobia & delusional character, case report, Germany Abstract: Discusses the differential-diagnostic difficulties in the case of a 35-yr-old female patient presenting with a depressive-suicidal syndrome, dysmorphophobia, and a delusional character. The S responded well to combined neuroleptic and antidepressant treatment. In comparison with the literature, the S showed all the signs of a disorder that used to be classified as dysmorphophobia and is now described as body dysmorphic disorder. Separation in the diagnosis of delusional and nondelusional dysmorphophobia into a body dysmorphic disorder and a delusional disorder somatic type seems artificial and difficult to sustain under clinical conditions. Dysmorphophobia can show a wide spectrum ranging from a mere preoccupation to a clear delusion, so that the consideration of regarding neurotic and psychotic dysmorphophobia as a single disorder in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV seems to be a step in the right direction. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Delusions; *Differential Diagnosis; Case Report; Major Depression; Suicidal Ideation Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Location: Germany Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-06121-007 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-06121-007 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-061 21-007">Dysmorphophobia: Differential-diagnostic aspects.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 28 Title: A case of unrelenting pursuit of castration. Author(s): Leung, C. M., Chinese U of Hong Kong, Dept of Psychiatry, Shatin, Hong Kong Lee, T. S. Ho, M. W. Chan Cheung, B. Source: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 30(1), Feb 1996. pp. 150-152. Journal URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0004-8674&site=1 Publisher: United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing Publisher URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.comISSN: 0004-8674 (Print) 1440-1614 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: unrelenting pursuit of castration to relieve unsubstantiated painful erections, male 25 yr old with body dysmorphic disorder, case report Abstract: Reports the case of a 25-yr-old man with body dysmorphic disorder who pursued castration to relieve painful erections that were never substantiated. The testes and corpora spongiosum had been removed. No psychotic symptom was prominent. After cognitive therapy and psychotropic treatment, the remaining corpora cavernosa was removed. The distorted somatic perception and secondary cognitive amplification (painful erections) could represent a variant of body dysmorphic disorder involving internal body image; diagnostic classifications should accommodate such a category. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Erection (Penis); *Male Castration; *Self Mutilation; Case Report Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-04155-017 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-04155-017 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-041 55-017">A case of unrelenting pursuit of castration.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 29 Title: Prevalence and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in atypical major depression. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US Nierenberg, Andrew A. Brendel, Gary Fava, Maurizio Source: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol 184(2), Feb 1996. pp. 125-129. Journal URL: http://www.jonmd.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0022-3018 (Print) 1539-736X (Electronic) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1097/00005053-199602000-00012 Language: English Keywords: comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder, 18-65 yr olds with atypical major depression Abstract: Studied the comorbidity of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and atypical major depression and identified associated clinical features. 80 patients (20-61 yrs old) diagnosed with atypical major depression were assessed for BDD. Preliminary findings indicate a relatively high rate of comorbidity associated with a number of clinical features: unusually early onset of depression, long duration and high severity of major depression, high rejection sensitivity, and some disruption in social and occupational functioning. The high rate of comorbidity indicates that BBD is not a rare disorder in this population and probably goes undiagnosed quite frequently. More stringent diagnostic measures are advocated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances; *Comorbidity; *Major Depression Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340) Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-00426-010 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-00426-010 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-004 26-010">Prevalence and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in atypical major depression.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 30 Title: Adaptación de un instrumento de evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal. Translated Title: Adaptation of a body dissatisfaction assessment instrument. Author(s): Raich, Rosa M., U Autónoma de Barcelona, Facultat de Psicología, Dept de Psicología de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain Mora, Marisol Soler, Anna Avila, Celia Clos, Inmaculada Zapater, Laura Source: Cliníca y Salud, Vol 7(1), 1996. pp. 51-66. Journal URL: http://www.copmadrid.org/publicaciones/clinica/clinica.htmPublisher: Spain: Colegio Oficial de Psicólogos de Madrid Publisher URL: http://www.cop.esISSN: 1130-5274 (Print) Language: Spanish Keywords: validity of Spanish version of Body Shape Questionnaire, diagnosis of eating disorders, females (mean age 23.4 yrs) Abstract: Studied the validity of the Spanish version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) (P. J. Cooper et al, 1987). Human Ss: 153 normal female Spanish adults (mean age 23.32 yrs) (university students) (data from M. Mora and R. M. Raich 1993). 248 normal female Spanish adults (mean age 23.58 yrs) (university students). 94 female Spanish adults (mean age 23.42 yrs) (university students). 15 female Spanish female adults (eating disorders). 18 female Spanish female adults (treatment for body image alterations). Data on sociodemographic variables, body image, and eating behavior and disorders was obtained by questionnaire. The results were evaluated according to scores and subscores on the BSQ, and diagnosis of eating disorders or body image alteration. Factor structure, internal consistency, and validity were determined. Tests used: The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (J. C. Rosen and J. Reiter, 1994), the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (J. C. Rosen et al, 1990), and other psychometric instruments. Factor analysis and other statistical tests were used. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image; *Diagnosis; *Eating Disorders; *Questionnaires; *Test Validity Classification: Clinical Psychological Testing (2224) Eating Disorders (3260) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Location: Spain Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 20000101 Accession Number: 1999-13362-003 Number of Citations in Source: 41 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1999-13362-003 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1999-133 62-003">Adaptación de un instrumento de evaluación de la insatisfacción corporal.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 31 Title: Psychobiology and psychopharmacology of compulsive spectrum disorders. Author(s): Hollander, Eric, City U New York, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, Clinical Psychopharmacology & Compulsive, Impulsive & Anxiety Disorders Program, New York, NY, US Cohen, Lisa J. Source: Impulsivity and compulsivity. Oldham, John M. (Ed); Hollander, Eric (Ed); Skodol, Andrew E. (Ed) ; pp. 143-166. Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1996. xii, 294 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-676-7 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: psychobiology & psychopharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders & their compulsive-impulsive dimension Abstract: (from the chapter) in recent years there has been increased interest in the concept of an obsessive-compulsive spectrum of disorders . . . , a group of disorders that show significant overlap in clinical symptoms, associated features (e.g., age of onset, comorbidity, course of illness), family history, and possibly preferential response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors and specific forms of behavior therapy / addressed the treatment of OCD [obsessive-compulsive disorder] and other compulsive disorders / one important dimension within this spectrum is the compulsive-impulsive dimension / [discusses the psychobiology and psychopharmacological treatment of obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders and their compulsive-impulsive dimension] clinical profile and case examples [OCD, body dysmorphic disorder, trichotillomania, depersonalization] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Impulsiveness; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Drug Therapy; Psychobiology Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Release Date: 19961101 Correction Date: 20050907 Accession Number: 1996-97767-006 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-97767-006 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-977 67-006">Psychobiology and psychopharmacology of compulsive spectrum disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 32 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: Diagnosis and treatment of imaginied ugliness. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 57(Suppl 8), 1996. pp. 61-65. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: diagnosis & symptoms & treatment strategies, patients with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often goes undiagnosed, even though available data suggest that it is relatively common. Virtually any body part can be the focus of concern, with preoccupations most often involving the hair, nose, or skin. Most patients engage in excessive and repetitive behaviors such as mirror checking, skin picking, and reassurance seeking. Insight is generally poor, and many patients are delusional. Most patients experience significant impairment in functioning, and suicide attempts are relatively common. Although the majority of patients with BDD seek often costly nonpsychiatric treatment--most often, surgical or dermatologic--such treatment usually appears to be unsuccessful. In contrast, preliminary data from open studies suggest that the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) reuptake inhibitors are often effective for BDD. Augmentation, combination, and switching strategies may be useful in treatment resistant cases. Preliminary data suggest cognitive-behavioral strategies using exposure and response prevention may also be effective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Psychiatric Symptoms; *Psychodiagnosis; *Treatment; Psychiatric Patients Classification: Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300) Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-06776-010 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-06776-010 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-067 76-010">Body dysmorphic disorder: Diagnosis and treatment of imaginied ugliness.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 33 Title: A dysmorphophobic reaction to cosmetic dentistry: Observations and responses to psychotherapeutic intervention. Author(s): Freeman, Ruth, Queen's U of Belfast, School of Clinical Dentistry, Belfast, Northern Ireland Kells, Briony Source: Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Vol 10(1), 1996. pp. 21-31. Publisher: United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis Publisher URL: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/ISSN: 0266-8734 (Print) 1474-9734 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: psychoanalytic therapy, 23 yr old woman with a dysmorphophobic reaction to cosmetic dentistry, case report, Ireland Abstract: Gives an account of the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of a 23-year-old woman who suffered from great anxiety and dissatisfaction after being fitted with a set of crowns and received a diagnosis of dysmorphophobia. Memories, fantasies, and transference reactions which emerged during the psychotherapeutic treatment are described in detail. The patient's anomalous reaction is explained within the theoretical framework of Freud's sexual theory of symptom-formation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Dental Treatment; *Psychoanalysis; Case Report Classification: Psychoanalytic Therapy (3315) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Location: Ireland Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-00730-003 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-00730-003 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-007 30-003">A dysmorphophobic reaction to cosmetic dentistry: Observations and responses to psychotherapeutic intervention.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 34 Title: An open study of buspirone augmentation of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin, Vol 32(1), 1996. pp. 175-180. Publisher: US: Psychopharmacology Bulletin ISSN: 0048-5764 (Print) Language: English Keywords: buspirone augmentation of fluoxetine or clomipramine, patients with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Evaluated the efficacy of buspirone augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). 13 patients with DSM-IV BDD who had not responded or had responded only partially to fluoxetine (FLU) or clomipramine (CLO) had buspirone added. Six of Ss improved. Three who decreased or discontinued buspirone experienced an increase in symptom severity. The BDD symptoms improved in 1 S who resumed the previous dose. Side effects were minimal and well tolerated in all but 1 S. A higher percentage of Ss responded to buspirone augmentation of FLU than CLO. Data suggest that buspirone augmentation of SRIs may be useful for BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Buspirone; *Chlorimipramine; *Drug Therapy; *Fluoxetine; Drug Augmentation Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-04726-023 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-04726-023 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-047 26-023">An open study of buspirone augmentation of serotonin-reuptake inhibitors in body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 35 Title: Pharmacologic treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Brown U School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Butler Hosp, Body Dysmorphic Disorder Program, Providence, RI, US Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin, Vol 32(4), 1996. pp. 597-605. Publisher: US: Psychopharmacology Bulletin ISSN: 0048-5764 (Print) Language: English Keywords: body dysmorphic disorder & pharmacologic treatment Abstract: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a preoccupaton with an imagined or slight defect in appearance, has been described for more than a century and reported around the world. However, investigation into the treatment of this distressing and impairing disorder is just beginning. Available data on the pharmacologic treatment of BDD suggest that it often responds to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), which may be preferentially effective for this disorder. Augmentation of SRIs with buspirone and neuroleptics, as well as combinations of SRIs, also appear promising. Available data also suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be effective for delusional BDD (a type of delusional disorder, somatic type). Because controlled treatment studies are lacking, however, these findings are preliminary. Controlled pharmacotherapy studies, which are under way, are greatly needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Drug Therapy; *Psychopharmacology Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970101 Accession Number: 1997-07952-006 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-07952-006 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-079 52-006">Pharmacologic treatment of body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 36 Title: Prevalence of somatoform disorders in a large sample of patients with anxiety disorders. Author(s): Rogers, Malcolm P., Brigham & Women's Hosp, Psychiatry Div, Boston, MA, US Weinshenker, Naomi J. Warshaw, Meredith G. Goisman, Robert M. Rodriguez-Villa, Fernando J. Fierman, Eugene J. Keller, Martin B. Source: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, Vol 37(1), Jan-Feb 1996. pp. 17-22. Journal URL: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0033-3182 (Print) 1545-7206 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: prevalence & characteristics of somatoform disorders, adults with anxiety disorders Abstract: Investigated the prevalence and characteristics of somatoform (SOM) disorders among 654 Ss (mean age 41 yrs) with anxiety disorders who were part of the larger Harvard/Brown Anxiety Disorders Research Project. 36 (5.5%) of the Ss had past or current SOM disorders including hypochondriasis, undifferentiated somatoform disorders, somatoform pain disorder, and body dysmorphic disorder. The Ss with SOM disorders were significantly more likely to have histories of posttraumatic stress disorder (22% vs 8%). Ss with generalized anxiety disorder had significantly higher rates of SOM disorder (9.2% vs 4.0%). Results add support to the observation that SOM disorders are frequently comorbid with anxiety and depressive disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Anxiety Disorders; *Comorbidity; *Epidemiology; *Somatoform Disorders Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Location: US Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-02139-003 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-02139-003 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-021 39-003">Prevalence of somatoform disorders in a large sample of patients with anxiety disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 37 Title: Somatoform and factitious disorders. Author(s): Smith, G. Richard Jr., U Arkansas for Medical Sciences, VA HSR&D Field Program for Mental Health, Little Rock, AR, US Ford, Charles V. King, Steven A. Stoudemire, Alan et al. Source: Synopsis of treatments of psychiatric disorders (2nd ed.). Gabbard, Glen O. (Ed); Atkinson, Sarah D. (Ed) ; pp. 723-768. Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1996. xxxvi, 1107 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-859-X (paperback) Language: English Keywords: psychodiagnosis & psychotherapeutic & psychopharmacological treatment approaches, patients with somatoform & factitious disorders Abstract: (from the book) [book section covering several chapters] "Somatization Disorder and Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder" / G. Richard Smith, Jr. / [discusses] 5 specific [aspects to treating patients with] somatization disorder or undifferentiated somatoform disorder: 1) recognizing these disorders as diagnostic possibilities, 2) making the correct diagnosis, 3) assessing and understanding the course of the patient's disorder, 4) following general management approaches, and 5) using specific treatment modalities "Conversion Disorder and Somatoform Disorder Not Otherwise Specified" / Charles V. Ford / [discusses treatment techniques for conversion disorder and somatoform disorders not otherwise specified] "Pain Disorders" / Steven A. King and Alan Stoudemire / [discusses psychotherapeutic modalities and pharmacological management of pain disorders] "Hypochondriasis and Body Dysmorphic Disorder" / Don R. Lipsitt / [discusses cognitive, behavioral, educational, psychodynamic and psychopharmacological treatment approaches for patients with hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder] "Factitious Disorders and Malingering" / Stuart J. Eisendrath / [discusses treatment approaches for patients with factitious disorders with psychological and physical signs and symptoms and malingering] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Drug Therapy; *Factitious Disorders; *Psychodiagnosis; *Psychotherapy; *Somatoform Disorders; Body Image Disturbances; Conversion Disorder; Hypochondriasis; Malingering; Pain Classification: Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Book Type: Reference Book Release Date: 19970501 Accession Number: 1996-98756-008 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-98756-008 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-987 56-008">Somatoform and factitious disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 38 Title: Somatoform disorders. Author(s): Martin, Ronald L., U Kansas, School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Wichita, KS, US Yutzy, Sean H. Source: The American Psychiatric Press synopsis of psychiatry. Hales, Robert E. (Ed); Yudofsky, Stuart C. (Ed) ; pp. 547-572. Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1996. xxvi, 1449 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-889-1 (paperback) Language: English Keywords: etiology & epidemiology & diagnosis & treatment & other clinical features of somatoform disorders Abstract: Discusses the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and other clinical features of somatoform disorders. (from the chapter) somatization disorder / undifferentiated somatoform disorder / conversion disorder / hypochondriasis / body dysmorphic disorder / somatoform disorder not otherwise specified (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Somatoform Disorders; Conversion Disorder; Hypochondriasis; Psychodiagnosis; Treatment; Somatization Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Release Date: 19961101 Accession Number: 1996-97818-016 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-97818-016 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-978 18-016">Somatoform disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 39 Title: DSM-IV sourcebook, Vol. 2. Author(s): Widiger, Thomas A., (Ed), U Kentucky, Dept of Psychology, Lexington, KY, US Frances, Allen J., (Ed) Pincus, Harold Alan, (Ed) Ross, Ruth, (Ed) First, Michael B., (Ed) Davis, Wendy Wakefield, (Ed) Source: Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 1996. xxxvi, 1195 pp. ISBN: 0-89042-069-6 (paperback) Language: English Keywords: rationale & empirical support for DSM-IV text & criteria, literature review Abstract: (from the cover) The Task Force on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) and members of the DSM-IV Work Groups have chronicled their efforts and the results in the "DSM-IV Sourcebook" which documents the rationale and empirical support for the text and criteria sets presented in DSM-IV. This 2nd of 5 volumes continues the DSM-IV literature reviews and summarizes the DSM-IV Work Group efforts that led to publication of the "DSM-IV Options Book." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; *Mental Disorders; Literature Review Classification: Psychological & Physical Disorders (3200) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Methodology: Literature Review Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Release Date: 19960601 Accession Number: 1995-99119-000 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-99119-000 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-991 19-000">DSM-IV sourcebook, Vol. 2.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 40 Title: Psychosomatic disorders: Theoretical and clinical aspects. Series Title: Brunner/Mazel basic principles into practice series; Vol. 7 Author(s): Asaad, Ghazi, New York Medical Coll, Valhalla, NY, US Source: Philadelphia, PA, US: Brunner/Mazel, Inc, 1996. xii, 147 pp. Publisher URL: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/ISBN: 0-87630-803-5 (paperback) Language: English Keywords: somatoform & factitious disorders & malingering & medical conditions affected by psychological factors Abstract: (from the cover) This volume functions as a road map to the territory that lies at the border between medicine and psychiatry. [The author] lends clarity and balance to an area that does not fit neatly into the established diagnostic and treatment framework. The text is divided into 3 parts, investigating Somatoform Disorders, Factitious Disorders and malingering, and medical conditions affected by psychological factors. . . . Throughout the work, case studies and examples are included. [The author's] carefully laid out perspective will help students, as well as new and transitioning practitioners, establish their place on an integrated, multidisciplinary health care team. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Factitious Disorders; *Malingering; *Physical Disorders; *Somatoform Disorders Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Authored Book Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-03381-000 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-03381-000 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-033 81-000">Psychosomatic disorders: Theoretical and clinical aspects.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 41 Title: The broken mirror: Understanding and treating body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Butler Hosp, Outpatient Services, Providence, RI, US Source: New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press, 1996. x, 357 pp. ISBN: 0-19-508317-2 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: description & treatment, individuals with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: (from the book) While the concerns of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) echo . . . normal concerns, they're more extreme. People who have BDD not only dislike some aspect of how they look, they're preoccupied with it. ["The Broken Mirror" describes] what's known about BDD--what patients experience, what [has been] learned about it, and what treatments seem helpful. [The book also addresses] complex questions that have no clear answers but which patients often ask. (from the jacket) [This book is intended] for psychiatrists, other mental health professionals, dermatologists, and plastic surgeons; for the friends and family concerned about a loved one who won't believe their reassurance; and for [those] who suffer from BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; Treatment Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Authored Book Release Date: 19970401 Accession Number: 1996-98750-000 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-98750-000 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-987 50-000">The broken mirror: Understanding and treating body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 42 Title: The nature of body dysmorphic disorder and treatment with cognitive behavior therapy. Author(s): Rosen, James C., U Vermont, Dept of Psychology, Burlington, VT, US Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, Vol 2(1), Win 1995. pp. 143-166. Publisher: US: Assn for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Publisher URL: http://www.aabt.orgISSN: 1077-7229 (Print) Language: English Keywords: pathology & development & cognitive behavior therapy for body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a distressing and disabling body image disorder that involves excessive preoccupation with physical appearance in a normal appearing person. Persons with BDD exhibit fears of being noticed, feelings of shame and embarrassment, thought processes that can range from repetitive thinking to delusions, avoidance of social situations and exposure of physical appearance, compulsive rituals, somatic preoccupation, medical and cosmetic treatment seeking, and resistance to psychological intervention. BDD overlaps diagnostically with other disorders and presents unique challenges for the mental health practitioner. The authors describe the pathology of BDD and its development and treatment, although empirical information on these topics is very limited. Detailed recommendations are given for cognitive behavior therapy. Intervention consists of (1) cognitive restructuring of private body talk and the undue importance given to physical appearance, (2) exposure to avoided body image situations, and (3) response prevention of body checking and grooming behaviors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Cognitive Therapy; *Psychopathology Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19980501 Accession Number: 1998-01055-006 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-01055-006 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-010 55-006">The nature of body dysmorphic disorder and treatment with cognitive behavior therapy.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 43 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anxiety disorders and major depression: A comorbidity study. Author(s): Brawman-Mintzer, Olga, Medical U of South Carolina, Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, US Lydiard, R. Bruce Phillips, Katharine A. Morton, Alex et al. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 152(11), Nov 1995. pp. 1665-1667. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: frequency of body dysmorphic disorder, 16-77 yr olds with anxiety disorders & major depression Abstract: Evaluated the frequency of body dysmorphic disorder in patients (aged 16-77 yrs) with a primary diagnosis of anxiety disorders and major depression. 54 patients with social phobia, 53 with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 32 with generalized anxiety disorder, 47 with panic disorder, 42 with major depression, and 33 normal controls were studied. Body dysmorphic disorder was most common in Ss with social phobia (11%) and OCD (8%); it was less prevalent among Ss with panic disorder (2%), generalized anxiety disorder (0%), major depression (0%), and among controls (0%). Findings suggest that body dysmorphic disorder may share etiologic elements with social phobia and OCD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Anxiety Disorders; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Major Depression Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960401 Accession Number: 1996-11431-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-11431-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-114 31-001">Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with anxiety disorders and major depression: A comorbidity study.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 44 Title: Sertraline for body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): El-khatib, Hussein E., West Virginia U, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Ctr, Charleston, US Dickey, T. O. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol 34(11), Nov 1995. pp. 1404-1405. Journal URL: http://www.jaacap.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0890-8567 (Print) 1527-5418 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: sertraline, 17 yr old male with dysmorphophobia with comorbid depression, case report, letter Abstract: Reports treatment of dysmorphophobia and comorbid depression with sertraline. A case report of a 17-yr-old White male, preoccupied with the abnormal shape of his nose, is presented. The S's preoccupation with his appearance reached delusional proportions at times. He reported overwhelming stress and became socially withdrawn. A regimen of sertraline 50 mg/day was increased to 200 mg/day after almost 3 mo. Family and behavior therapy was used in treatment. It was observed that obsessions and compulsions of the body dysmorphic disorder remitted long after the other neurovegetative symptoms had improved in the S, and only after the drug dosage had reached 200 mg/day. It is concluded that sertraline appears to be a safe, well-tolerated and effective treatment for dysmorphophobia in adolescents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Antidepressant Drugs; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Drug Therapy; *Major Depression; Case Report Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960801 Accession Number: 1996-23891-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-23891-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-238 91-001">Sertraline for body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 45 Title: Delusional disorder, somatic subtype, treated with fluvoxamine. Author(s): Kaplan, Zeev, Ben Gurion U of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beersheva Mental Health Ctr, Beersheba, Israel Lichtenberg, Pasach Source: European Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 9(4), Oct-Dec 1995. pp. 238-241. Publisher: Spain: European Journal of Psychiatry ISSN: 0213-6163 (Print) Language: English Keywords: fluvoxamine, male 19 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder with vs without delusional disorder, Israel, case reports, implications for validity of DSM-IV diagnostic entities Abstract: Indicates that dysmorphophobia, a brief and exaggerated concern with an imagined or negligible defect in physical appearance, has been divided by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) into 2 separate disorders. When the disturbance attains delusional intensity, the proper diagnosis is delusional disorder of the somatic subtype. For the non-delusional cases, DSM-IV created the category of Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Two cases (19-yr-old males) of delusional disorder, somatic subtype, are described that were successfully treated with fluvoxamine, a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The validity of this DSM-IV diagnostic entity is questioned. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Delusions; *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; *Drug Therapy; *Fluvoxamine; Case Report Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study; Nonclinical Case Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1996-02201-005 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-02201-005 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-022 01-005">Delusional disorder, somatic subtype, treated with fluvoxamine.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 46 Title: Appearance, body image and distress in facial dysmorphophobia. Author(s): Thomas, C. S., University Hosp of South Manchester, Dept of Psychiatry, Manchester, England Goldberg, D. P. Source: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Vol 92(3), Sep 1995. pp. 231-236. Journal URL: http://www.blackwellmunksgaard.com/actapsychPublisher: United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing Publisher URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.comISSN: 0001-690X (Print) 1600-0447 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: perception of facial appearance & body image & distress, dysmorphophobic vs rhinoplasty awaiting patients, England Abstract: Compared perceptions of dysmorphophobic (DS), normal healthy control (C), and rhinoplasty awaiting (RA) patients regarding their facial appearance and body image, and associated distress. Ss (20 in each group) were rated independently by a panel of 10 judges for their facial appearance, and morphanalysis was done on 11 DS and RA Ss. Ss were also assessed on measures of body distortion, and anxiety and depression. Although appearance ratings of DS Ss were intermediate between C and RA Ss, they misperceived themselves as being more disfigured than others. Focus of dissatisfaction in DS Ss was usually subtle anomalies in their features, which were unidentifiable by medical practitioners. As compared to the other groups, DS patients were less extroverted and more concerned about their appearance, and also scored higher on anxiety, depression and neuroticism. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances; *Distress; *Face (Anatomy); *Physical Appearance Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960701 Accession Number: 1996-20440-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-20440-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-204 40-001">Appearance, body image and distress in facial dysmorphophobia.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 47 Title: Case study: Body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US Atala, Katherine D. Albertini, Ralph S. Source: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol 34(9), Sep 1995. pp. 1216-1220. Journal URL: http://www.jaacap.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0890-8567 (Print) 1527-5418 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, 16 & 17 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder, case reports Abstract: Reports 4 cases of adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), who responded to a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI). The cases included a 17-yr-old female (age of onset of BDD, 13 yrs), a 16-yr-old male (age of onset, 14yrs), a 17-yr-old female (age of onset, 12 yrs), and a 16-yr-old female (age of onset, 12 yrs). All 4 Ss were excessively preoccupied with defects in appearance that were nonexistent or minimal. These preoccupations were distressing, time-consuming and uncontrollable. Normal daily life functioning was impaired. Treatment with SRI decreased this preoccupation and improved the functioning of the Ss. It is suggested that cognitive-behavioral strategies, using an exposure and response prevention paradigm, could be effective in treating BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Drug Therapy; *Serotonin Antagonists; Case Report Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960401 Accession Number: 1996-12346-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-12346-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-123 46-001">Case study: Body dysmorphic disorder in adolescents.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 48 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder in the DSM-IV field trial for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Author(s): Simeon, Daphne, City U New York, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, US Hollander, Eric Stein, Dan J. Cohen, Lisa et al. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 152(8), Aug 1995. pp. 1207-1209. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: prevalence & phenomenology of comorbid body dysmorphic disorder, patients with obsessive compulsive disorder, implications for DSM-IV field trial Abstract: Investigated the prevalence and phenomenology of body dysmorphic disorder in 442 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). 12% of Ss had a lifetime comorbid diagnosis of body dysmorphic disorder. Ss with and without body dysmorphic disorder did not differ in demographic characteristics or OCD symptoms. Ss with OCD and body dysmorphic disorder had more anxious, impulsive, and schizotypal features than Ss with OCD alone. Age at onset was similar for the 2 disorders, and severity for the disorders correlated. However, insight was significantly more impaired for body dysmorphic disorder than for OCD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960201 Accession Number: 1996-92639-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-92639-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-926 39-001">Body dysmorphic disorder in the DSM-IV field trial for obsessive-compulsive disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 49 Title: A cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of body image disorder: A pilot study. Author(s): Raich, Rosa M., U Autonoma Barcelona, Spain Soler, Ana Mora, Marisol Source: Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment & Prevention, Vol 3(2), Sum 1995. Special issue: Body experience. pp. 175-182. Journal URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/pp/10640266.htmlPublisher: United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis Publisher URL: http://www.taylorandfrancis.com/ISSN: 1064-0266 (Print) 1532-530X (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: cognitive behavioral group treatment, body image & adjustment, female adults with body dysmorphic disorder, Spain Abstract: Administered Spanish adaptations of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE), and an eating disorders questionnaire to a large sample of female students. Nine adult Ss with body dysmorphic disorder (scoring above 105 on the BSQ) received cognitive-behavioral group treatment focusing on body image. Treatment Ss and 6 waiting list control Ss completed Spanish adaptations of the BSQ, BDDE, Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, Brief Symptom Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale at pre- and posttreatment. Treatment improved Ss' self-esteem; adjustment; and perceptual, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of body image. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Cognitive Therapy; *Emotional Adjustment; *Group Psychotherapy Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Tests & Measures: Brief Symptom Inventory Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960701 Accession Number: 1996-20704-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-20704-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-207 04-001">A cognitive-behavioral approach to the treatment of body image disorder: A pilot study.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 50 Title: Cognitive-behavioral treatment of body dysmorphic disorder: A case report. Author(s): Schmidt, Norman B., Uniformed Services U of the Health Sciences, Dept of Medical & Clinical Psychology, Bethesda, MD, US Harrington, Patrick Source: Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, Vol 26(2), Jun 1995. pp. 161-167. Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/339/descrip tion#description Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher URL: http://elsevier.comISSN: 0005-7916 (Print) Language: English Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy, 24 yr old male with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Describes a successful short-term cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment of a 24-yr-old male patient with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) whose presenting concern was small hand size; the patient was unusual because he exhibited no obsessive-compulsive traits and his preoccupation with hand size is an uncommon BDD concern. After 9 sessions of therapy, the patient evidenced substantial change on indices measuring affective, cognitive, and behavioral facets of BDD. There was also clinically meaningful improvement in overall levels of depression and anxiety. It is suggested that cognitive-behavioral treatment programs for BDD should take into account comorbid conditions such as social phobia and avoidant personality disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Cognitive Therapy Classification: Behavior Therapy & Behavior Modification (3312) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19951201 Accession Number: 1995-44631-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-44631-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-446 31-001">Cognitive-behavioral treatment of body dysmorphic disorder: A case report.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ The link information above provides a persistent link to the article you've requested. Persistent link to this record: Following the link above will bring you to the start of the article or citation. Cut and Paste: To place article links in an external web document, simply copy and paste the HTML above, starting with "<A HREF" If you have any problems or questions, contact Technical Support at http://support.epnet.com/CustSupport/Customer/OpenCase.aspx or call 800-758-5995. This e-mail was generated by a user of EBSCOhost who gained access via the UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN account. Neither EBSCO nor UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN are responsible for the content of this e-mail. _____ Record: 1 Title: 'Cognitive-behavioral body image therapy for body dysmorphic disorder': Correction. Author(s): Rosen, James C., U Vermont, Dept of Psychology, Burlington, US Reiter, Jeff Orosan, Pam Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 63(3), Jun 1995. pp. 437. Journal URL: http://www.apa.org/journals/ccp.htmlPublisher: US: American Psychological Assn Publisher URL: http://www.apa.orgISSN: 0022-006X (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1037/0022-006X.63.3.437 Language: English Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy, 20-61 yr old females with body dysmorphic disorder, erratum Abstract: Reports 2 errors in the original article by J. C. Rosen et al (Journal of Consulting and Counseling Psychology, 1995[Apr], 63[2], 263-269). On page 263, the correct prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder is 1.5% among women. On page 265, NHANES II stands for National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, Study 2. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in PA, Vol 82:26170). Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a distressing body image disorder that involves excessive preoccupation with physical appearance in a normal appearing person. Prior case reports of behavior therapy were encouraging, but no controlled evaluation of behavior therapy or any other type of treatment had been conducted. In the present study, 54 BDD subjects were randomly assigned to cognitive behavior therapy or no treatment. Patients were treated in small groups for eight 2-hour sessions. Therapy involved modification of intrusive thoughts of body dissatisfaction and overvalued beliefs about physical appearance, exposure to avoided body image situations, and elimination of body checking. Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms were significantly decreased in therapy subjects and the disorder was eliminated in 82% of cases at posttreatment and 77% at follow-up. . . . (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances; *Cognitive Therapy; Human Females Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Erratum/Correction Release Date: 19950901 Accession Number: 1995-34056-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-34056-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-340 56-001">'Cognitive-behavioral body image therapy for body dysmorphic disorder': Correction.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 2 Title: Body image disturbance in body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: Obsessions or delusions? Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Butler Hosp, Body Dsymorphic Disorder Program, Providence, RI, US Kim, Jennie M. Hudson, James I. Source: Psychiatric Clinics of North America, Vol 18(2), Jun 1995. pp. 317-334. Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/623373/desc ription#description Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher URL: http://elsevier.comISSN: 0193-953X (Print) Language: English Keywords: obsessional or delusional thinking & body image disturbance, patients with body dysmorphic disorder & eating disorders Abstract: Addresses the question of whether body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and eating disorders, both characterized by disturbed body image, consist of obsessional or delusional thinking. Clinical descriptions and empirical evidence suggest that the answer is both. In addition, it is likely that the delusional and nondelusional variants of these disorders constitute a single disorder that encompasses a spectrum of insight, with the entire spectrum characterized by obsessional thinking. This more dimensional view was to some extent adopted by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) for BDD (and obsessive-compulsive disorder) after considerable debate. These issues, including the relationship of obsessional and delusional thinking more generally, have classification and clinical implications for many psychiatric disorders and touch on issues of broad relevance to the field. Two case studies show many similarities between delusional and nondelusional forms of BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances; *Delusions; *Eating Disorders; *Obsessions Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960301 Accession Number: 1996-08180-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-08180-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-081 80-001">Body image disturbance in body dysmorphic disorder and eating disorders: Obsessions or delusions?</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 3 Title: Trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Author(s): Christenson, Gary A. Mackenzie, Thomas B. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 56(5), May 1995. pp. 211-212. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: trichotillomania comorbidity with body dysmorphic disorder & relation to obsessive compulsive disorder, case reports, commentary, letter Abstract: Expands discussions by J. Tanquary (see record 1994-30050-001) and by R. M. Winchel (see PA, Vols 81:30055 and 80:14744) on trichotillomania (TTM) comorbidity with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and its relation to obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Five cases are reported of patients (aged 20-32 yrs) with TTM-BBD comorbidity found in a sample of 169 TTM cases. OCD was present in 3 of the 5 cases, and a 4th met OCD criteria with the exception that the rituals were experienced as ego-syntonic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Trichotillomania; Case Report Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Methodology: Clinical Case Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19951201 Accession Number: 1995-44010-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-44010-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-440 10-001">Trichotillomania, body dysmorphic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 4 Title: Cognitive)ehavioral body image therapy for body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Rosen, James C., U Vermont, Dept of Psycology, Burlington, US Reiter, Jeff Orosan, Pam Source: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 63(2), Apr 1995. pp. 263-269. Journal URL: http://www.apa.org/journals/ccp.htmlPublisher: US: American Psychological Assn Publisher URL: http://www.apa.orgISSN: 0022-006X (Print) Digital Object Identifier: 10.1037/0022-006X.63.2.263 Language: English Keywords: cognitive behavioral therapy, 20-61 yr old females with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a distressing body image disorder that involves excessive preoccupation with physical appearance in a normal appearing person. Prior case reports of behavior therapy were encouraging, but no controlled evaluation of behavior therapy or any other type of treatment had been conducted. In the present study, 54 BDD subjects were randomly assigned to cognitive behavior therapy or no treatment. Patients were treated in small groups for eight 2-hour sessions. Therapy involved modification of intrusive thoughts of body dissatisfaction and overvalued beliefs about physical appearance, exposure to avoided body image situations, and elimination of body checking. Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms were significantly decreased in therapy subjects and the disorder was eliminated in 82% of cases at posttreatment and 77% at follow-up. Overall psychological symptoms and self-esteem also improved in therapy subjects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances; *Cognitive Therapy; Human Females Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Population: Human (10) Female (40) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950701 Accession Number: 1995-26170-001 Number of Citations in Source: 36 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-26170-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-261 70-001">Cognitive)ehavioral body image therapy for body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 5 Title: Somatoform disorders. Author(s): Berrios, German E., U Cambridge, Robinson Coll, Cambridge, England Mumford, David B. Shorter, Edward Source: A history of clinical psychiatry: The origin and history of psychiatric disorders. Berrios, German E. (Ed); Porter, Roy (Ed) ; pp. 451-489. New York, NY, US: New York University Press, 1995. xx, 684 pp. Publisher URL: http://www.nyupress.nyu.eduISBN: 0-8147-1259-2 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: history & presentation & diagnosis of hypochondriasis & dysmorphophobia & other psychosomatic illnesses, 17th century to present Abstract: (from the chapter) clinical section / German E. Berrios and David B. Mumford / deal with the history of hypochondrias and dysmorphophobia [from the 17th century to the present] social section / Edward Shorter / in writing a history of psychosomatic illness, . . . distinguish between the history of the term itself, and changes over time in the presentation and diagnosis of its various forms (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *History; *Somatoform Disorders; Body Dysmorphic Disorder; Diagnosis; Hypochondriasis; Symptoms Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Release Date: 19960601 Accession Number: 1996-97012-018 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-97012-018 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-970 12-018">Somatoform disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 6 Title: Assessment of body image in eating disorders with the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination. Author(s): Rosen, James C., U Vermont, Dept of Psychology, Burlington, US Reiter, Jeff Orosan, Pam Source: Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol 33(1), Jan 1995. pp. 77-84. Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/265/descrip tion#description Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher URL: http://elsevier.comISSN: 0005-7967 (Print) Language: English Keywords: reliability & validity of Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination, assessment of severely negative body image, female adults with eating disorders Abstract: Evaluated the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (BDDE) for use with eating disorder patients. 25 eating disordered women (mean age 24.9 yrs), 25 women (mean age 30.6 yrs) with negative but subclinical negative body image, and 25 nonclinical women (mean age 25.9 yrs) completed the BDDE and other measures of body perception. The BDDE provided a reliable and valid measure of symptoms of severely negative body image in women with eating disorders. More severe symptoms on the measure were associated with more intense body dissatisfaction, fear of fatness, greater importance placed on body shape and weight, and desire to lose weight. The BDDE contributed uniquely to the discrimination of eating disorder Ss even when controlling for other measures of body image. Thus, the BDDE appears to yield information beyond more typical measures of eating disorder and body image complaints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Eating Disorders; *Measurement; *Test Reliability; *Test Validity Classification: Clinical Psychological Testing (2224) Eating Disorders (3260) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950601 Accession Number: 1995-19808-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-19808-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-198 08-001">Assessment of body image in eating disorders with the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 7 Title: Assessment of body image. Author(s): Thompson, J. Kevin, U South Florida, Dept of Psychology, Tampa, FL, US Source: Handbook of assessment methods for eating behaviors and weight-related problems: Measures, theory, and research. Allison, David B. (Ed) ; pp. 119-148. Thousand Oaks, CA, US: Sage Publications, Inc, 1995. xx, 634 pp. ISBN: 0-8039-4791-7 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: measures of body image disturbance Abstract: (from the chapter) focus on the assessment of the multiple forms of body image / provide . . . an overview [of delineation of assessment methodologies], to be followed by an exploration of specific measures for each component of body image disturbance / practical guidelines for the development of a battery of methodologies for body image assessment will be offered / information for obtaining these materials will be included in a table, and many of the measures will be reproduced in the [chapter's] appendixes generic measures of size, shape, weight, and appearance satisfaction / questionnaire measures / measures of the perceptual component: size overestimation / interview methods / miscellaneous measures / body dysmorphic disorder (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Measurement; *Methodology Classification: Clinical Psychological Testing (2224) Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Book Type: Handbook/Manual Release Date: 19950901 Accession Number: 1995-97460-004 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-97460-004 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-974 60-004">Assessment of body image.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 8 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder, pathological gambling, and sexual compulsions. Author(s): Hollander, Eric, City U New York, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, NY, US Wong, Cheryl M. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 56(Suppl 4), 1995. pp. 7-12. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: prevalence & comorbidity & treatment of body dysmorphic disorder & pathological gambling & sexual obsessions & compulsions, conference presentation Abstract: Describes body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), pathological gambling, and sexual compulsions within the realm of obsessive- compulsive spectrum disorders (OCSDs). These disorders affect sizable numbers of the population, have an early age at onset and chronic course, and seem to have a preferential response to serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs). They also have a high comorbidity with obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and other impulse control disorders. BDD patients lie more toward the compulsive/rank-aversive end of the dimensional model of OCSD and often have poor insight. Pathological gambling patients lie more toward the impulsivity/novelty-seeking end of the OCSDs and often have features of inattention. Sexual obsessions and/or compulsions encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders, as exhibited by differential response to SRIs within this group. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Paraphilias; *Pathological Gambling; Drug Therapy Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Conference Notes: Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960501 Accession Number: 1996-14582-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-14582-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-145 82-001">Body dysmorphic disorder, pathological gambling, and sexual compulsions.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 9 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: An obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder, a form of affective spectrum disorder, or both? Author(s): Phillips, Katherine A., Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US McElroy, Susan L. Hudson, James I. Pope, Harrison G. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 56(Suppl 4), 1995. pp. 41-51. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: body dysmorphic disorder conceptualized as obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder &/vs form of affective spectrum disorder, conference presentation Abstract: Historical and contemporary clinical observations and available empirical evidence suggest that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance, should be conceptualized as an obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder (OCSD). Available data also suggest that BDD should be considered as a candidate form of affective spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD refers to a family of disorders postulated to have a common pathophysiologic abnormality. Obsessive-compulsive disorder has been postulated as a probable form of ASD. Thus BDD can be conceptualized more narrowly as an OCSD and more broadly as a candidate form of ASD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Affective Disorders; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Conference Notes: Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (1994, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19960501 Accession Number: 1996-14588-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-14588-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-145 88-001">Body dysmorphic disorder: An obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder, a form of affective spectrum disorder, or both?</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 10 Title: DSM-IV changes for the somatoform disorders. Author(s): Martin, Ronald L., U Kansas School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Wichita, US Source: Psychiatric Annals, Vol 25(1), Jan 1995. pp. 29-39. Publisher: US: SLACK Publisher URL: http://www.slackinc.com/ISSN: 0048-5713 (Print) Language: English Keywords: reasoning behind & clinical implications of DSM-IV changes to somatoform disorders Abstract: Reviews the final changes made for the somatoform disorders (SDs) in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV), summarizes the reasoning behind such changes, and considers their clinical implications. All SDs were reconsidered on the basis of clarity and specificity of expression. Empirical support was required for any major changes. SDs are discussed as a whole in terms of classification, placement, and ordering issues. Specific SDs are also discussed: somatization disorder, undifferentiated SD, conversion disorder, pain disorder, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, and SD not otherwise specified. Perhaps the most important aspect of the revision of the SDs for DSM-IV was that the category was kept intact. Also of major importance is simplifying the diagnostic approach to SDs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Diagnostic and Statistical Manual; *Somatoform Disorders Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950701 Accession Number: 1995-25748-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-25748-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-257 48-001">DSM-IV changes for the somatoform disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 11 Title: Skin picking as a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US Taub, Sarah L. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin, Vol 31(2), 1995. pp. 279-288. Publisher: US: Psychopharmacology Bulletin ISSN: 0048-5764 (Print) Language: English Keywords: 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, skin picking behavior & associated characteristics, patients with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: 123 Ss with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) were assessed with a variety of instruments, and the descriptive characteristics of the 33 Ss who picked their skin were compared with those of the 90 Ss who did not pick. Of the Ss who engaged in picking behavior, 97% had preoccupations involving the skin. Nearly all had experienced impairment in social or occupational functioning, 33% had attempted suicide, and 67% had received dermatologic treatment. Of 35 trials with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, 17 resulted in significant improvement, in contrast to only 4 of 40 trials with other psychotropics. Findings suggest that compulsive skin picking is an underrecognized problem that commonly occurs as a symptom of BDD, is associated with significant morbidity, and may respond to psychiatric rather than dermatologic treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Drug Therapy; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Serotonin Antagonists; *Skin (Anatomy); Client Characteristics; Symptoms Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19961001 Accession Number: 1996-30685-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-30685-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1996-306 85-001">Skin picking as a symptom of body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 12 Title: Clinical phenomenology and comorbidity. Author(s): Hazen, Andrea L., U Manitoba, St Boniface General Hosp Research Ctr, Anxiety Disorders Research Program, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Stein, Murray B. Source: Social phobia: Clinical and research perspectives. Stein, Murray B. (Ed) ; pp. 3-41. Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1995. xxiii, 398 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-653-8 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: diagnosis & phenomenology & comorbidity & differential diagnosis, patients with social phobia Abstract: (from the chapter) review the current state of knowledge concerning diagnosis, phenomenology, comorbidity, and differential diagnosis of social phobia characteristics of social phobia [age at onset, gender distribution, natural course, marital status, socioeconomic status, impairment in functioning, symptom profile, phobic situations] / comorbidity and differential diagnosis [social phobia and panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, major depression, eating disorders, substance abuse, medical illness] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Comorbidity; *Psychodiagnosis; *Social Phobia; Differential Diagnosis; Symptoms Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Release Date: 19960101 Accession Number: 1995-98235-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-98235-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-982 35-001">Clinical phenomenology and comorbidity.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 13 Title: Somatoform and factitious disorders. Author(s): Ford, Charles V., (Ed), U Alabama, Dept of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurobiology, Birmingham, AL, US Source: Treatments of psychiatric disorders (2nd ed.), Vols. 1 & 2. Gabbard, Glen O. (Ed) ; pp. 1711-1836. Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1995. lxxxvi, 2472 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-700-3 (hardcover) 0-88048-892-1 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: psychiatric treatment of somatoform & factitious disorders Abstract: (from the book) [book section covering several chapters] "Somatization Disorder and Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder" / G. Richard Smith, Jr. "Conversion Disorder and Somatoform Disorder Not Otherwise Specified" / Charles V. Ford "Pain Disorders" / Steven A. King and Alan Stoudemire "Hypochondriasis and Body Dysmorphic Disorder" / Don R. Lipsitt "Factitious Disorders and Malingering" / Stuart J. Eisendrath (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Factitious Disorders; *Somatoform Disorders; *Treatment; Body Dysmorphic Disorder; Conversion Disorder; Hypochondriasis; Malingering; Pain; Somatization Classification: Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Release Date: 19951101 Accession Number: 1995-97889-008 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-97889-008 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-978 89-008">Somatoform and factitious disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 14 Title: The case of koro: Treatment response and implications for diagnostic classification. Author(s): Goetz, Kenneth L., Allegheny General Hosp, Dept of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA, US Price, Trevor R. P. Source: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol 182(10), Oct 1994. pp. 590-591. Journal URL: http://www.jonmd.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0022-3018 (Print) 1539-736X (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: clomipramine, 29 yr old male with koro, implications for diagnostic classification of body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Koro is a rare psychiatric disorder involving the belief that the penis is shrinking and retracting into the abdomen and that this will cause death. The case of a 29-yr-old man with koro who responded to treatment with clomipramine is described. This case suggests that nonculture-bound primary symptoms of koro may be classified under body dysmorphic disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Chlorimipramine; *Drug Therapy; *Koro; Psychodiagnosis Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950301 Accession Number: 1995-10595-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-10595-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-105 95-001">The case of koro: Treatment response and implications for diagnostic classification.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 15 Title: Koro following cannabis smoking: Two case reports. Author(s): Chowdhury, Arabinda N., Inst of Psychiatry, Calcutta, India Bera, Nirmal K. Source: Addiction, Vol 89(8), Aug 1994. pp. 1017-1020. Journal URL: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/carfax/09652140.htmlPublisher: United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing Publisher URL: http://www.blackwellpublishing.comISSN: 0965-2140 (Print) 1360-0443 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: cannabis smoking, development of koro, male 26 & 27 yr olds, India Abstract: Describes 2 case reports of males (aged 27 and 26 yrs) who developed Koro following cannabis smoking. Data illustrate how depersonalization after cannabis smoking affects the genital area and takes on cultural coloring in its symptom expression. Data also shed light on possible correlations among body-dysmorphic disorder, serotonin pathway, and cannabis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Cannabis; *Drug Usage; *Koro Classification: Substance Abuse & Addiction (3233) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950301 Accession Number: 1995-09889-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-09889-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-098 89-001">Koro following cannabis smoking: Two case reports.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 16 Title: Complexities and lesser known aspects of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Author(s): Neziroglu, Fugen A., Inst for Bio-Behavioral Therapy & Research, Great Neck, NY, US Source: Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, Vol 1(1), Sum 1994. pp. 133-156. Publisher: US: Assn for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Publisher URL: http://www.aabt.orgISSN: 1077-7229 (Print) Language: English Keywords: behavioral assessment of obsessive-compulsive disorder & comorbid disorders & treatment with exposure & response prevention & cognitive therapy, 16 yr old male & 20 & 41 yr old female patients Abstract: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects 1 out of 40 Americans (L. N. Robins et al, 1984). This means that approximately 5 million individuals will develop the disorder during their lifetime. Therefore, as a clinician, the likelihood of being asked to treat this disorder is very high. In addition, when one considers obsessive-compulsive-related disorders, (e.g., body dysmorphic disorder, hypochondriasis, trichotillomania, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome) and obsessive-compulsive behaviors observed in various conditions, the number of individuals affected is even greater. In approximately 27 years since the development of a behavioral treatment approach for OCD, many advances have occurred. In this paper, the assessment and behavioral treatment of OCD and related disorders are discussed. In addition, some conditions where obsessive-compulsive behavior is common are explored. Prognostic indicators such as the severity of the initial depression or anxiety and the strength of the belief in the obsession and its role in treatment outcome are presented. Ways to overcome these barriers are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved)(journal abstract) Subjects: *Behavioral Assessment; *Cognitive Therapy; *Comorbidity; *Exposure Therapy; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Differential Diagnosis Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling (3310) Population: Human (10) Male (30) Female (40) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19980601 Accession Number: 1998-01056-007 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-01056-007 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-010 56-007">Complexities and lesser known aspects of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 17 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: Symptom or syndrome. Author(s): Jerome, Laurence Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 151(3), Mar 1994. pp. 460-461. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: demographics & phenomenology & course & associated psychopathology & family history & treatment response, 17-80 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder, commentary Abstract: Comments on the article by K. A. Phillips et al (see record 1993-21719-001) describing 30 patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). It is unclear why a delusional group was included. The authors add weight to the growing evidence of a subgroup of patients with BDD in that 58% of the Ss described were responsive to fluoxetine and clomipramine. They argue for a relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Psychopathology; *Treatment; Demographic Characteristics; Disease Course; Family Background Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19940801 Accession Number: 1994-29771-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-29771-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-297 71-001">Body dysmorphic disorder: Symptom or syndrome.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 18 Title: 'Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness': Comment. Author(s): Lydiard, R. Bruce Brady, Kathleen T. Austin, Linda S. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 151(3), Mar 1994. pp. 461. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: demographics & phenomenology & course & associated psychopathology & family history & treatment response, 17-80 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder, commentary Abstract: Comments on the article by K. A. Phillips et al (see record 1993-21719-001) describing 30 patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and reports findings involving 3 Ss with BDD who responded well to fluoxetine. This, and the Ss' compulsive checking and recurrent thoughts about "defects," suggest that BDD may be a variant of obsessive compulsive disorder. Evidence of social phobia is also apparent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Psychopathology; *Treatment; Demographic Characteristics; Disease Course; Family Background Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19940801 Accession Number: 1994-29779-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-29779-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-297 79-001">'Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness': Comment.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 19 Title: 'Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness': Reply. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A. Pope, Harrison G. McElroy, Susan L. Hudson, James I. et al. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 151(3), Mar 1994. pp. 461-462. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: demographics & phenomenology & course & associated psychopathology & family history & treatment response, 17-80 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder, commentary reply Abstract: Replies to the comments by L. Jerome (see record 1994-29771-001) and R. B. Lydiard et al (see record 1994-29779-001) on the article by K. A. Phillips et al (see record 1993-21719-001) describing 30 patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Findings that nondelusional and delusional forms of BDD are variants of the same disorder are cited. The relation of BDD to other disorders is explored. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Psychopathology; *Treatment; Demographic Characteristics; Disease Course; Family Background Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19940801 Accession Number: 1994-29788-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-29788-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-297 88-001">'Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness': Reply.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 20 Title: Vücut Dismorfik Bozuklugu: 9 Olgu. Translated Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: Nine cases. Author(s): Askin, Rüstem, Selçuk U Medical School Psychiatry Div, Konya, Turkey Source: Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, Vol 5(1), Spr 1994. pp. 45-51. Publisher: Turkey: Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi Publisher URL: http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/ISSN: 1300-2163 (Print) Language: Turkish Keywords: onset & presenting problems & comorbidity & personality features, 6 males & 3 females with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Six male and 3 female patients, diagnosed as body dysmorphic on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) were assessed with structured diagnostic interviews. Presenting problems were "defects" of face, head and genitals. Average age of onset of the disorder was found to be 16 years. Three patients had an associated diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 6 had depression, and 3 had social phobia. Premorbid personality features were passive, dependent, perfectionistic, insecure, avoidant, and resentful. Family attitudes, included protectiveness and/or strictness, and neglect. With clomiptamine being the most effective medication, results indicated that body dysmorphic disorder may not be rare and be a variant of OCD, causing severe impairment with a chronic course. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Comorbidity; *Onset (Disorders); *Personality Traits Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970401 Accession Number: 1997-85998-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-85998-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-859 98-001">Vücut Dismorfik Bozuklugu: 9 Olgu.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 21 Title: Response of major depression with psychosis and body dysmorphic disorder to ECT. Author(s): Carroll, Brendan T. Yendrek, Ronald Degroot, Christopher Fanin, Heather Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 151(2), Feb 1994. pp. 288-289. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: ECT, 34 yr old female with major depression with psychosis & body dysmorphic disorder, letter Abstract: Comments on the article by K. A. Phillips et al (see record 1993-21719-001), which suggested on the basis of nonresponse to ECT that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) may be related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. In this case, the neurovegetative depressive signs, course, and response to ECT were most consistent with major depression with psychosis. The case of a 34-yr-old woman with major depression with psychosis and BDD who responded to ECT illustrates the difficulty of categorizing BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Electroconvulsive Shock Therapy; *Major Depression; *Psychosis Classification: Specialized Interventions (3350) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19940701 Accession Number: 1994-26770-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-26770-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-267 70-001">Response of major depression with psychosis and body dysmorphic disorder to ECT.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 22 Title: Fluvoxamine treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Hollander, Eric, City U New York, Mt Sinai School of Medicine Dept of Psychiatry, US Cohen, Lisa J. Simeon, Daphne Rosen, Jennifer et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol 14(1), Feb 1994. pp. 75-77. Journal URL: http://www.psychopharmacology.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0271-0749 (Print) 1533-712X (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: fluvoxamine vs tricyclics, males with body dysmorphic disorder, letter Abstract: Provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of fluvoxamine compared with standard tricyclics in the treatment of 19 Ss (13 men) diagnosed with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). After fluvoxamine treatment, BDD symptoms were much improved, while treatment with tricyclics did not change symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Antidepressant Drugs; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Drug Therapy; *Fluvoxamine Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19940701 Accession Number: 1994-26707-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-26707-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-267 07-001">Fluvoxamine treatment of body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 23 Title: Attitude change and behaviour therapy in body dysmorphic disorder: Two case reports. Author(s): Newell, Robert, U Hull, Inst of Nursing Studies, England Shrubb, Stephen Source: Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, Vol 22(2), 1994. pp. 163-169. Journal URL: http://www.cambridge.org/uk/journals/journal_catalogue.asp?mnemonic=bcp Publisher: US: Cambridge Univ Press Publisher URL: http://www.cup.orgISSN: 1352-4658 (Print) 1469-1833 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: exposure therapy & role play, attitude change, 19 & 24 yr old females with body dysmorphic disorder, case reports Abstract: Describes the treatment of 2 female patients (aged 19 and 24 yrs) with body dysmorphic disorder, who initially strongly refused exposure treatment. A role-play requiring them to research and debate beliefs contrary to their overvalued ideas effected attitude change and facilitated compliance with exposure treatment. In both Ss, marked improvement in beliefs and avoidance occurred during treatment and was maintained at 12- or 18-mo follow-up. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Attitude Change; *Behavior Therapy; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances; *Cognitive Therapy; Case Report; Role Playing Classification: Psychotherapy & Psychotherapeutic Counseling (3310) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950301 Correction Date: 20050919 Accession Number: 1995-10416-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-10416-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-104 16-001">Attitude change and behaviour therapy in body dysmorphic disorder: Two case reports.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 24 Title: Dysmorphophobia: Clinical features and outcome with behavior therapy. Author(s): Gomez-Perez, J. C., Hosp Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain Marks, I. M. Gutierrez-Fisac, J. L. Source: European Psychiatry, Vol 9(5), 1994. pp. 229-235. Journal URL: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/505814/desc ription#description Publisher: Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publisher URL: http://elsevier.comISSN: 0924-9338 (Print) Language: English Keywords: clinical features & outcome with behavioral exposure therapy, patients with dysmorphophobia, England Abstract: Examined the clinical features and the outcome of 28 patients (mean age 26 yrs) with dysmorphophobia who had behavioral (exposure) therapy. All Ss had social avoidance and dysmorphophobia with abnormal beliefs, often of delusional intensity. Associated disorders included major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and social phobia. For up to 1-22 mo after exposure, most Ss improved in avoidance, work, social adjustment, and beliefs, even if these had initially been delusional. Gains were less than after exposure therapy for nondysmorphophobic anxiety problems such as agoraphobia, specific phobia, social phobia, and OCD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Behavior Therapy; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Symptoms Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Behavior Therapy & Behavior Modification (3312) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950701 Accession Number: 1995-25404-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-25404-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-254 04-001">Dysmorphophobia: Clinical features and outcome with behavior therapy.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 25 Title: 'Trichotillomania and body dysmorphic disorder': Reply. Author(s): Winchel, Ronald M. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 55(1), Jan 1994. pp. 35-36. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: clinical characteristics & presence of dysmorphophobia & response to fluoxetine, patients with trichotillomania, commentary reply, letter Abstract: Responds to J. Tanquary's (see record 1994-30050-001) comments on the study by R. M. Winchel et al (see record 1993-14744-001) of the clinical characteristics of trichotillomania and its response to fluoxetine. Winchel asserts that no patients in the study have shown evidence of body dysmorphic disorder. Winchel et al did not attempt to demean the value of dynamic contributions to psychotherapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Drug Therapy; *Fluoxetine; *Trichotillomania Classification: Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior (3230) Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19940801 Accession Number: 1994-30055-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-30055-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-300 55-001">'Trichotillomania and body dysmorphic disorder': Reply.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 26 Title: Trichotillomania and body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Tanquary, John Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 55(1), Jan 1994. pp. 35. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: psychodynamic aspects, 23 yr old male with trichotillomania & dysmorphophobia, commentary on study of trichotillomania's response to fluoxetine, letter Abstract: Expands the discussion of R. M. Winchel et al (see record 1993-14744-001) on the clinical features of trichotillomania (TTM) by presenting the case of a 23-yr-old man to highlight the psychodynamic aspects of TTM and dysmorphophobia. A primary versus secondary distinction may be useful in patients with hair pulling. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Comorbidity; *Drug Therapy; *Fluoxetine; *Trichotillomania Classification: Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior (3230) Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19940801 Accession Number: 1994-30050-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-30050-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-300 50-001">Trichotillomania and body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 27 Title: Revisión de la evaluación y tratamiento del trastorno de la imagen corporal y su adaptación en una muestra de estudiantes. Translated Title: A review about assessment and intervention in the Body Image Disturbance and its adaptation in a student sample. Author(s): Raich, R. M., U Autónoma de Barcelona, Dept de Psicología de la Salut, Spain Mora, M. Soler, A. Avila, C. Clos, I. Zapater, L. Source: Psicologemas, Vol 8(15), 1994. pp. 81-99. Publisher: Spain: Dept de Personalidad Evaluacion y TT/ PP Publisher URL: http://www.ull.esISSN: 1130-1481 (Print) Language: Spanish Keywords: cognitive behavioral group treatment program, body image disturbance, adults (mean age 22 yrs), Spain Abstract: Studied the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral treatment program for body image disturbance. Ss were 9 Spanish adults (mean age 22 yrs) with a body image disturbance. Data on body image perception were obtained by semistructured interview. None of the Ss was diagnosed with eating disorders. Treatment consisted of 3 mo group training in correct body perception, imagination-reality desensitization, cognitive restructuring, critical thinking, stress coping strategies, exposition to stressful situation, elimination of comparison rituals, and relapse prevention. The results were evaluated according to changes in scores on body image instruments. Tests used included The Body Dysmorphic Disorder Examination (J. T. Reiter et al, 1992), the Body Shape Questionnaire (P. J. Cooper et al, 1987), the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (J. C. Rosen et al, 1990), the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (M. Rosenberg, 1979). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Cognitive Therapy; *Group Counseling Classification: Cognitive Therapy (3311) Population: Human (10) Location: Spain Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320) Tests & Measures: Brief Symptom Inventory Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale Methodology: Empirical Study; Treatment Outcome/Clinical Trial Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19980801 Accession Number: 1998-01248-004 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-01248-004 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1998-012 48-004">Revisión de la evaluación y tratamiento del trastorno de la imagen corporal y su adaptación en una muestra de estudiantes.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 28 Title: A comparison of delusional and nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cases. Author(s): Phillips, Katherine A., Butler Hosp, Providence, RI, US McElroy, Susan L. Keck, Paul E. Hudson, James I. et al. Source: Psychopharmacology Bulletin, Vol 30(2), 1994. pp. 179-186. Publisher: US: Psychopharmacology Bulletin ISSN: 0048-5764 (Print) Language: English Keywords: characteristics & psychopathology, patients with delusional vs nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: 100 consecutive patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) or its delusional variant were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III--R, and a modified version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). 48 Ss with nondelusional BDD were compared with 52 Ss with delusional BDD. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of most variables examined, including demographics, phenomenology, course, associated features, comorbidity, and treatment response. BDD may have a psychotic subtype that significantly overlaps with, and may even be the same disorder as, its delusional disorder variant. However, delusional Ss had higher total scores on the modified Y-BOCS, suggesting that the delusional variant of BDD may be a more severe form of the disorder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Delusions; *Psychopathology Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Tests & Measures: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19950401 Accession Number: 1995-13564-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-13564-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1995-135 64-001">A comparison of delusional and nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cases.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 29 Title: Somatoform disorders. Author(s): Martin, Ronald L., U Kansas, School of Medicine, Dept of Psychiatry, Wichita, KS, US Yutzy, Sean H. Source: The American Psychiatric Press textbook of psychiatry (2nd ed.). Hales, Robert E. (Ed); Yudofsky, Stuart C. (Ed); Talbott, John A. (Ed) ; pp. 591-622. Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. xxiii, 1694 pp. ISBN: 0-88048-388-1 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: definition & clinical description & diagnosis & history & epidemiology & etiology & treatment of somatoform disorders Abstract: Presents the definition and clinical description, diagnosis, natural history, epidemiology, etiology, and treatment of somatization; undifferentiated somatoform, conversion, and body dysmorphic disorders; hypochondriasis; and somatoform disorder not otherwise specified. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Somatoform Disorders Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Book Type: Textbook/Study Guide Release Date: 19950201 Accession Number: 1994-98231-016 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-98231-016 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-982 31-016">Somatoform disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 30 Title: Insight, overvalued ideation, and delusional thinking in body dysmorphic disorder: Theoretical and treatment implications. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., Harvard Medical School, Personality & Psychosocial Research Program, Boston, MA, US McElroy, Susan L. Source: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, Vol 181(11), Nov 1993. pp. 699-702. Journal URL: http://www.jonmd.com/Publisher: US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher URL: http://www.lww.com/ISSN: 0022-3018 (Print) 1539-736X (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: degree of insight & overvalued ideation & delusional thinking, patients with body dysmorphic disorder, case reports Abstract: Determined the degree of insight in 50 Ss with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and described the case histories of 3 of these Ss. Of the 50 Ss, 26 had a preoccupation of delusional intensity. Of the 24 Ss who were nondelusional, 20 had overvalued ideation regarding their supposed defect. The 3 individual cases were separately characterized by fairly good insight, overvalued ideation, and delusional thinking. These cases suggest that, contrary to what is implied by the definition of BDD, insight in BDD may be impaired and may span a spectrum from fairly good to extremely poor. Regardless of degree of insight, all 3 Ss responded well to treatment with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) reuptake inhibitors. Findings suggest that the definition of BDD should be revised to reflect the poor insight that is often present. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Delusions; *Ideation; *Insight Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19940401 Accession Number: 1994-13703-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-13703-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-137 03-001">Insight, overvalued ideation, and delusional thinking in body dysmorphic disorder: Theoretical and treatment implications.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 31 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: Does it have a psychotic subtype? Author(s): McElroy, Susan L., U Cincinnati Coll of Medicine, Biological Psychiatry Program, OH, US Phillips, Katharine A. Keck, Paul E. Hudson, James I. et al. Source: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, Vol 54(10), Oct 1993. pp. 389-395. Publisher: US: Physicians Postgraduate Press Publisher URL: http://www.psychiatrist.com/ISSN: 0160-6689 (Print) Language: English Keywords: family history & demographics & other characteristics, 17-80 yr olds with nonpsychotic vs psychotic body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Determined whether 24 patients with nonpsychotic body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), defined according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-III-Revised (DSM-III-R) criteria (i.e., with maintenance of some insight), were different from 26 patients with psychotic BDD (those whose preoccupation was without insight and of delusional intensity). Ss were 17-80 yrs old. Interview data reveal that Ss with psychotic BDD displayed a significantly higher rate of lifetime DSM-III--R psychotic disorder diagnoses than did Ss with nonpsychotic BDD. However, the 2 groups did not differ significantly on most other variables examined. For instance, both psychotic and nonpsychotic Ss displayed significant morbidity; high comorbidity with mood, anxiety, and psychoactive substance use disorders; and apparent preferential response to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) reuptake inhibitors vs nonserotonin reuptake blocking antidepressants or antipsychotics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Psychosis; Demographic Characteristics Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19940501 Accession Number: 1994-17626-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-17626-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-176 26-001">Body dysmorphic disorder: Does it have a psychotic subtype?</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 32 Title: O sofrimento da feiúra imaginária--Transtorno dismórfico do corpo. Translated Title: The distress of imagined ugliness: Body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Figueira, Ivan, U Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Inst de Psiquiatria, Brazil Mendlowicz, Mauro Nardi, Antônio E. Marques, Carla et al. Source: Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria, Vol 42(6), Jul 1993. pp. 303-312. Journal URL: http://www.ipub.ufrj.br/jbp.htmPublisher: Brazil: Univ Federal do Rio de Janeiro Inst de Psiquiatria ISSN: 0047-2085 (Print) Language: Portuguese Keywords: diagnosis & demographics & course & treatment, male 19 & 54 yr olds & female 40 yr old with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Discusses the diagnosis, demographics, course, complications, etiology, and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder with regard to 3 clinical cases: a 40-yr-old married woman, a 54-yr-old single man, and a 19-yr-old single man. The relationship between body dysmorphic disorder and schizophrenia, affective disorders, somatic delirious disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa, and social phobia is considered. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; Demographic Characteristics; Disease Course; Psychodiagnosis; Treatment Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19940201 Accession Number: 1994-85583-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-85583-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-855 83-001">O sofrimento da feiúra imaginária--Transtorno dismórfico do corpo.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 33 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Hollander, Eric, Columbia U, Coll of Physicians & Surgeons OCD Biological Studies Program, New York, NY, US Cohen, Lisa J. Simeon, Daphne Source: Psychiatric Annals, Vol 23(7), Jul 1993. pp. 359-364. Publisher: US: SLACK Publisher URL: http://www.slackinc.com/ISSN: 0048-5713 (Print) Language: English Keywords: etiology & treatment & relationship to obsessive compulsive disorder, patients with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Discusses the phenomenology and etiology of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and its relationship to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Results are also provided from a clinical retrospective profile of 50 BDD patients. Face and head were the most common areas of concern for these patients, followed by arms, legs, and sexual body parts. Preoccupation with large body size was also common. Many patients with comorbid OCD had concerns about bodily symmetry. Behaviors related to BDD included avoidance of situations that might exacerbate their perceived body defect, avoidance of social situations that might cause humiliation, and mirror checking, hair grooming, excessive medical visits, and plastic surgery. Anxiety and mood disorders were the most commonly associated comorbid disorders. Treatment with psychotherapy and medication is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; *Somatoform Disorders; Drug Therapy; Etiology; Psychotherapy Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19931201 Accession Number: 1993-45386-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-45386-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-453 86-001">Body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 34 Title: Do some chronic pain patients with atypical facial pain overvalue and obsess about their pain? Author(s): Fishbain, David A., South Shore Hosp & Medical Ctr, Comprehensive Pain & Rehabilitation Ctr, Miami Beach, FL, US Trescott, Jean Cutler, Brian Abdel-Moty, Elsayed et al. Source: Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, Vol 34(4), Jul-Aug 1993. pp. 355-359. Journal URL: http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0033-3182 (Print) 1545-7206 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: overvalue of or obsessions about symptoms, 66 & 74 & 75 yr old females with chronic atypical facial pain, case reports Abstract: Three case reports of patients with chronic, atypical facial pain, were used to discuss possible associations between monosymptomatic hypochondriasis (MH) and monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychosis (MHP), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). While none of the patients could be classified as suffering from MH-MHP, 3 demonstrated 2 out of 4 characteristics for an overvalued idea: concern with belief (pain) and no resistance to the belief (pain). All 3 sought medical care for their pain and had an overvalued ideation that was ego-syntonic and not like an obsessional thought. Yet all 3 were obsessed by their pain. Two patients responded very well to a serotonin reuptake blocker (clomipramine), currently used only to treat OCD patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Chronic Pain; *Face (Anatomy); *Obsessions; Case Report Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19931101 Accession Number: 1993-41950-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-41950-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-419 50-001">Do some chronic pain patients with atypical facial pain overvalue and obsess about their pain?</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 35 Title: Exposure, response prevention, and cognitive therapy in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Neziroglu, Fugen A., Hofstra U, NY, US Yaryura-Tobias, Jose A. Source: Behavior Therapy, Vol 24(3), Sum 1993. pp. 431-438. Publisher: US: Assn for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy Publisher URL: http://www.aabt.orgISSN: 0005-7894 (Print) Language: English Keywords: exposure & response prevention & cognitive therapy, 16-33 yr olds with body dysphoric disorder who refused drug therapy Abstract: Describes the behavior (exposure and response prevention) and cognitive therapy applied to 5 patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) who refused pharmacotherapy. These 5 patients underwent either intensive or weekly behavior therapy. Patients in intensive therapy received 90-min sessions 5 days per wk whereas patients in weekly treatment received one 90-min session per week. Four out of 5 patients improved on the Overvalued Ideation Scale and on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale modified for BDD. Based on these case histories, behavior and cognitive therapy may be a suitable treatment approach for BDD, the main symptom of which is a preoccupation with a perceived physical defect that is not noticeable to others. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Behavior Therapy; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Cognitive Therapy Classification: Behavioral & Psychological Treatment of Physical Illness (3361) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Tests & Measures: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19940701 Accession Number: 1994-26859-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-26859-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1994-268 59-001">Exposure, response prevention, and cognitive therapy in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 36 Title: Ueber einen Fall von 'Wachstumswahn' Zur Genese und nosologischen Klassifikation der koerperdysmorphen Stoerung. Translated Title: A delusion of "bodily growth": On the genesis and classification of body-dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Fuchs, T., Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik der Technischen Universitaet Muenchen, Germany Source: Nervenarzt, Vol 64(3), Mar 1993. pp. 199-203. Journal URL: http://www.springeronline.com/sgw/cda/frontpage/0,11855,4-40109-70-10035 95-0,00.html Publisher: Germany: Springer Publisher URL: http://www.springeronline.comISSN: 0028-2804 (Print) 1433-0407 (Electronic) Language: German Keywords: progression of body dysmorphic disorder & delusion of bodily growth, 37 yr old male, case report Abstract: A case of body-dysmorphic disorder turning into the delusion of bodily growth in a 37-yr-old male is presented. Differential diagnosis, psychological development, and classification of the disorder are discussed. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Delusions; *Physical Development; Case Report Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Clinical Case Study; Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19970401 Accession Number: 1997-85608-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-85608-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1997-856 08-001">Ueber einen Fall von 'Wachstumswahn' Zur Genese und nosologischen Klassifikation der koerperdysmorphen Stoerung.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 37 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness. Author(s): Phillips, Katherine A., McLean Hosp, Belmont, MA, US McElroy, Susan L. Keck, Paul E. Pope, Harrison G. et al. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 150(2), Feb 1993. pp. 302-308. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: demographics & phenomenology & course & associated psychopathology & family history & treatment response, 17-80 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder, conference presentation Abstract: Investigated demographics, phenomenology, course, associated psychopathology, family history, and response to treatment in 30 patients (aged 17-80 yrs) with body dysmorphic disorder, including 12 whose preoccupation was of probable delusional intensity. Interview and family history data reveal a lifetime average of 4 bodily preoccupations. The average age at onset of body dysmorphic disorder was 15 yrs. 73% of the Ss reported associated ideas or delusions of reference, 73% reported excessive mirror checking, and 63% reported attempts to camouflage their "deformities." As a result of their symptoms, 97% avoided usual social and occupational activities, 30% had been housebound, and 17% had made suicide attempts. 93% of the Ss had an associated lifetime diagnosis of a major mood disorder; 33%, a psychotic disorder; and 73%, an anxiety disorder. Ss generally responded poorly to surgical, dermatologic, and dental treatments and to most psychotropic medications, with the exception of fluoxetine and clomipramine. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; Demographic Characteristics; Disease Course; Family Background; Psychopathology; Treatment Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Aged (65 yrs & older) (380) Conference Notes: 144th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association (1991, New Orleans, Louisiana). Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19930601 Accession Number: 1993-21719-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-21719-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-217 19-001">Body dysmorphic disorder: 30 cases of imagined ugliness.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 38 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder: Phenomenology and case descriptions. Author(s): Neziroglu, Fugen A., Inst for Bio-Behavioral Therapy & Research, Great Neck, NY, US Yaryura-Tobias, Jose A. Source: Behavioural Psychotherapy, Vol 21(1), 1993. pp. 27-36. Journal URL: http://www.cambridge.org/uk/journals/journal_catalogue.asp?mnemonic=bcp Publisher: US: Cambridge Univ Press Publisher URL: http://www.cup.orgISSN: 1352-4658 (Print) 1469-1833 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: phenomenology & pharmacological & behavior therapy, 16-37 yr olds with body dysmorphic disorder Abstract: Administered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale--Revised (WAIS--R), Overvalued Ideation Rating Scale, and MMPI to 8 males and 5 females (aged 16-37 yrs) with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Six case reports are presented. Many Ss had tried alleviating their problems by seeking the help of dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and cosmetologists. All Ss obsessed and engaged in compulsions for long durations, usually 3 hrs or more. 11 Ss were concurrently diagnosed as having obsessive compulsive disorder. Due to the bizarreness of the symptoms and the secretiveness of Ss, it is suggested that clinicians be thoroughly aware of the disorder and inquire as to its presence during the initial consultation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Behavior Therapy; *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Drug Therapy Classification: Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention (3300) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Tests & Measures: Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19930801 Correction Date: 20050919 Accession Number: 1993-30282-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-30282-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-302 82-001">Body dysmorphic disorder: Phenomenology and case descriptions.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 39 Title: Somatoform and factitious disorders. Author(s): Iezzi, Anthony, Victoria Hosp, London, ON, Canada Adams, Harry E. Source: Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (2nd ed.). Sutker, Patricia B. (Ed); Adams, Henry E. (Ed) ; pp. 167-201. New York, NY, US: Plenum Press, 1993. xiv, 864 pp. ISBN: 0-306-44169-1 (hardcover) Language: English Keywords: discusses the diagnosis, etiology & treatment of somatoform & factitious disorders Abstract: Discusses the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of somatoform and factitious disorders. (from the chapter) somatoform disorders [conversion disorder, hypochodriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, somatization disorder, somatoform pain disorder] / factitious disorders [factitious disorder with physical symptoms, factitious disorder with psychological symptoms] (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Factitious Disorders; *Somatoform Disorders Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Intended Audience: Psychology: Professional & Research (PS) Publication Type: Book, Edited Book Document Type: Original Chapter Book Type: Handbook/Manual Release Date: 19930901 Accession Number: 1993-97447-009 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-97447-009 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-974 47-009">Somatoform and factitious disorders.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 40 Title: Acute exacerbation of body dysmorphic disorder during tryptophan depletion. Author(s): Barr, Linda C. Goodman, Wayne K. Price, Lawrence H. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 149(10), Oct 1992. pp. 1406-1407. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: acute tryptophan depletion, exacerbation of depression & body dysmorphic disorder, female 42 yr old receiving 5-HT reuptake inhibitors, letter Abstract: Reports the exacerbation of both depression and body dysmorphic disorder associated with acute tryptophan depletion in a 42-yr-old female patient. This finding suggests that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors used in the treatment of these syndromes share a common mechanism of action that depends on the ongoing availability of 5-HT. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Major Depression; *Serotonin; *Side Effects (Drug); *Tryptophan; Drug Therapy Classification: Clinical Psychopharmacology (3340) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19930301 Accession Number: 1993-10652-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-10652-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-106 52-001">Acute exacerbation of body dysmorphic disorder during tryptophan depletion.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 41 Title: Obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Tanquary, John Lynch, Minda Masand, Prakash Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 149(9), Sep 1992. pp. 1283-1284. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: relationship of body dysmorphic disorder to obsessive compulsive disorder, 17 yr old female with compulsive skin picking, commentary, letter Abstract: Comments on K. Phillips's (see record 1992-02074-001) suggestion that body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and that dynamic factors are also involved. The case of a 17-yr-old female is cited, who presented compulsive skin picking and who feared disfiguration. The S appeared to meet the criteria for both OCD and BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200) Methodology: Empirical Study Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19930301 Accession Number: 1993-09901-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-09901-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-099 01-001">Obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 42 Title: 'Obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to body dysmorphic disorder': Reply. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A. McElroy, Susan L. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 149(9), Sep 1992. pp. 1284. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: relationship of body dysmorphic disorder to obsessive compulsive disorder, commentary reply, letter Abstract: Responds to comments by J. Tanquary et al (see record 1993-09901-001) about the interface between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), a preoccupation with an imagined defect in appearance. Published cases of compulsive face picking have conceptualized this behavior as a form of OCD. J. Tanquary et al are the 1st to note a relationship between compulsive face picking and BDD. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Image Disturbances; *Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Classification: Neuroses & Anxiety Disorders (3215) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19930301 Accession Number: 1993-09899-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-09899-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-098 99-001">'Obsessive-compulsive disorder in relation to body dysmorphic disorder': Reply.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 43 Title: La dysmorphophobie (trouble dysmorphique physique). Translated Title: Dysmorphophobia (physical dysmorphic disorder). Author(s): Filteau, M.-J., Hôpital de l'Enfant Jésus, Quebec, PQ, Canada Pourcher, E. Baruch, P. Bouchard, R. H. et al. Source: Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 37(7), Sep 1992. pp. 503-509. Journal URL: http://www.cpa-apc.org/Publications/cjpHome.aspPublisher: Canada: Canadian Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.cpa-apc.orgISSN: 0706-7437 (Print) 1497-0015 (Electronic) Language: French Keywords: diagnostic characteristics & nature & treatment of dysmorphophobia Abstract: Discusses the nature and treatment of dysmorphophobia. The diagnostic characteristics of dysmorphophobia are described. Two case histories are reviewed. Theories about the causation of dysmorphophobia and about the relationship between dysmorphophobia and other psychological disorders are considered. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Symptoms; *Treatment Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19930401 Accession Number: 1993-86023-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-86023-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1993-860 23-001">La dysmorphophobie (trouble dysmorphique physique).</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 44 Title: 'Body dysmorphic disorder: The distress of imagined ugliness': Comment. Author(s): Castelnuovo-Tedesco, Pietro Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 149(5), May 1992. pp. 718. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: characteristics of body dysmorphic disorder vs dissatisfaction with bodily feature, commentary, letter Abstract: Comments on K. A. Phillips's (see record 1992-02074-001) review on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Principal features are presented that differentiate patients with BDD from those who express dissatisfaction with some bodily feature in the course of intensive psychoanalytic therapy or psychoanalysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder; *Body Image Disturbances Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19921001 Accession Number: 1992-35087-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-35087-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-350 87-001">'Body dysmorphic disorder: The distress of imagined ugliness': Comment.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 45 Title: Body dysmorphic disorder. Author(s): Myers, Wayne A. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 149(5), May 1992. pp. 718. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: symptoms, patients with body dysmorphic disorder, commentary, letter Abstract: Four cases illustrate K. A. Phillips's (see record 1992-02074-001) findings on body dysmorphic disorder. The Ss showed no evidence of a thought disorder in any area other than that of the bodily preoccupation. Symptoms intensified in direct proportion to the degree of intensive psychotherapeutic probing. Depression accompanied the disorder when it was most pronounced. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19921001 Accession Number: 1992-35123-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-35123-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-351 23-001">Body dysmorphic disorder.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 46 Title: 'Body dysmorphic disorder: The distress of imagined ugliness': Reply. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A., McLean Hosp, Belmont, MA, US Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 149(5), May 1992. pp. 719. Journal URL: http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/Publisher: US: American Psychiatric Assn Publisher URL: http://www.appi.orgISSN: 0002-953X (Print) 1535-7228 (Electronic) Language: English Keywords: features of body dysmorphic disorder, commentary reply, letter Abstract: Replies to comments by W. A. Myers (see record 1992-35123-001) and P. Castelnuovo-Tedesco (see record 1992-35087-001) concerning K. A. Phillips's (see record 1992-02074-001) review on body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Phillips asserts that many cases of BDD do represent a discrete syndrome and that BDD patients may make reference to their "deformity" only in passing or not at all while seeking treatment for associated disorders. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Body Dysmorphic Disorder Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Document Type: Comment/Reply Release Date: 19921001 Accession Number: 1992-35129-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-35129-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-351 29-001">'Body dysmorphic disorder: The distress of imagined ugliness': Reply.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 47 Title: Delusional disorders: Clinical concepts and diagnostic strategies. Author(s): Manschreck, Theo C., Dartmouth Medical School, New Hampshire Hosp, Concord, US Source: Psychiatric Annals, Vol 22(5), May 1992. pp. 241-251. Publisher: US: SLACK Publisher URL: http://www.slackinc.com/ISSN: 0048-5713 (Print) Language: English Keywords: clinical concepts & differential diagnostic strategies & treatment of delusional disorders Abstract: Discusses conceptual issues in the psychopathology of delusions, the role of delusions in differential diagnosis, and the nature of delusional disorders. Boundaries between paranoid personality disorder and delusional disorder, persecutory type; between morbid jealousy and delusional disorder, jealous type; and between hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder and delusional disorder, somatic type remain unclearly charted. Delusional disorders are psychotic disorders, but do not usually respond to standard antipsychotic medication. The combination of antipsychotic and antidepressant therapy may be worthwhile in some cases. While little has been reported about psychotherapeutic interventions in this disorder, a combination of supportive psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral approaches seems sensible. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved) Subjects: *Delusions; *Differential Diagnosis; *Treatment Classification: Psychological Disorders (3210) Population: Human (10) Publication Type: Journal, Peer Reviewed Journal Release Date: 19921101 Accession Number: 1992-39274-001 Persistent link to this record: http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-39274-001 Cut and Paste: <A href="http://search.epnet.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=psyh&an=1992-392 74-001">Delusional disorders: Clinical concepts and diagnostic strategies.</A> Database: PsycINFO _____ Record: 48 Title: 'Body dysmorphic disorder: A controlled study of patients requesting cosmetic rhinoplasty': Reply. Author(s): Phillips, Katharine A. Source: American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 149(4), Apr 1992. pp. 577-578. |
