Attachment

Attachment

Title:   Rethinking adult attachment: A study of expert consensus.       

Author(s):     Allen, Jon G., Menninger Department of Psychiatry and

Mental Health Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, US,

jallen@menninger.edu;

Stein, Helen, Greater Kansas City Psychoanalytic Institute, US;

Fonagy, Peter, University College London, London, United Kingdom;

Fultz, Jim

Target, Mary, Anna Freud Centre, London, United Kingdom

Address:        Allen, Jon G., The Menninger Clinic, PO Box 809045, 2801

Gessner Drive, Houston, TX, US, jallen@menninger.edu   

Source: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, Vol 69(1), Win 2005. pp. 59-80.

Publisher:      US: Guilford Publications

Abstract:       Self-report questionnaires designed to assess attachment

in adulthood potentially confound global valence of relationships (e.g.,

liking and disliking) with attachment. The authors surveyed an

international panel of experts to develop items for a new measure of

attachment that systematically distinguishes between attachment and

nonattachment aspects of relationships. The survey yielded a large set

of items on which there is consensus in five domains: secure attachment,

dismissing attachment, preoccupied attachment, positive nonattachment,

and negative nonattachment. This report presents a content analysis of

the core themes in each of these five domains and discusses implications

of these results for conceptualizing and researching adult attachment.

  _____ 

Title:   The internal world and attachment.

Author(s):     Meissner, W. W., Boston College, Boston, MA, US

Source: Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, Vol 69(1), Win 2005. pp. 98.

Publisher:      US: Guilford Publications

Abstract:       Reviews the book, The Internal World and Attachment (see

record 2003-04010-000). In the ferment of activity aroused by the advent

of attachment theory, its adoption by psychoanalysis has been dogged by

some complex and difficult theoretical issues. Goodman's objective is to

rationalize and integrate object relational and attachment constructs

into a coherent theoretical account. He reviews the history of both

theories, focusing particularly on the nature of object representations,

on the one hand, and the nature of internal working models, on the

other. He develops an integrated model and spells out its implications

both theoretically and clinically.

  _____ 

Title:   Parent-Child Interaction Therapy for Treatment of Separation

Anxiety Disorder in Young Children: A Pilot Study. 

Author(s):     Choate, Molly L., Center for Anxiety and Related

Disorders, Boston, MA, US, molly@bu.edu;

Pincus, Donna B., Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston, MA, US;

Eyberg, Sheila M., Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston, MA, US;

Barlow, David H., Center for Anxiety and Related Disorders, Boston, MA, US

Address:        Choate, Molly L., Center for Anxiety and Related

Disorders, 648 Beacon Street, 6th Floor, Boston, MA, US, molly@bu.edu

Source: Cognitive & Behavioral Practice, Vol 12(1), Win 2005. pp. 126-135.

Publisher:      US: Assn for the Advancement of Behavior Therapy

Abstract:       Research suggests that Parent-Child Interaction therapy

(PCIT) works to improve the child's behavior by changing the

child-parent interaction. PCIT has been effective in treating disruptive

behavior in young children. This article describes a pilot study to

apply PCIT to the treatment of separation anxiety disorder (SAD). A

multiple-baseline design was used with 3 families with a child between

the ages of 4 and 8 who had a principal diagnosis of SAD. Following

treatment with PCIT, clinically significant change in separation anxiety

was observed on all measures. Disruptive behaviors also decreased

following treatment. Treatment gains were maintained at a 3-month

follow-up interval. These findings suggest that PCIT may be particularly

useful for treatment of young children with SAD, the most prevalent yet

underresearched anxiety disorder of childhood. The results of this study

support research delineating the important contribution of family

factors to anxiety in childhood. Several mechanisms are proposed that

may account for the dramatic decrease in separation-anxious behaviors

seen in children during PCIT, including increased levels of child

control, increased social reinforcement of brave behaviors, improved

parent-child attachment, and decreased levels of parent anxiety. Results

of this study provide promising initial evidence that PCIT may be

efficacious for treating young children with SAD. A randomized clinical

trial is warranted to further elucidate the efficacy of PCIT for

treatment of SAD in young children.

  _____ 

Title:   Expanding the concept of unresolved mental states:

Hostile/Helpless states of mind on the Adult Attachment Interview are

associated with disrupted mother-infant communication and infant

disorganization.       

Author(s):     Lyons-Ruth, Karlen, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge,

MA, US, klruth@hms.harvard.edu;

Yellin, Claudia, Boston University, Boston, MA, US;

Melnick, Sharon, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, US;

Atwood, Gwendolyn, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, US

Address:        Lyons-Ruth, Karlen, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard

Medical School, 1493 Cambridge Street, Cambridge, MA, US,

klruth@hms.harvard.edu     

Source: Development & Psychopathology, Vol 17(1), Win 2005. pp. 1-23.

Publisher:      US: Cambridge Univ Press

Abstract:       In a recent meta-analysis, only 53% of disorganized

infants were predicted by parental Unresolved states of mind on the

Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). The goal of this study was to identify

additional predictors of infant disorganization on the AAI by developing

and validating an interview-wide coding system for Hostile/Helpless

(H/H) parental states of mind with respect to attachment. Maternal AAIs

were collected from 45 low-income mothers with high rates of childhood

trauma when their children were age 7; Strange Situation assessments had

been collected at 18 months of age. AAIs were independently coded using

both the Main and Goldwyn coding system and newly developed codes for

H/H states of mind. Results indicated that the H/H coding system

displayed discriminant validity in that it did not overlap substantially

with the Unresolved, Cannot Classify, or Fearfully Preoccupied by

Traumatic Events categories in the Main and Goldwyn coding system.

Second, H/H states of mind accounted for variance in disorganized infant

behavior not associated with the Unresolved classification. Third, H/H

states of mind were significantly related to maternal disrupted

affective communication as coded by the Atypical Maternal Behavior

Instrument for Assessment and Classification coding system, and maternal

disrupted communication mediated the relations between H/H states of

mind and infant disorganization.

  _____ 

Title:   Comparable "risks" at the socioeconomic status extremes:

Preadolescents' perceptions of parenting.  

Author(s):     Luthar, Suniya S., Teachers College, Columbia

University, New York, NY, US, suniya.luthar@columbia.edu;

Latendresse, Shawn J., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US

Address:        Luthar, Suniya S., Department of Counseling and Clinical

Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, Box 133, 525 West

120th Street, New York, NY, US, suniya.luthar@columbia.edu    

Source:         Development & Psychopathology, Vol 17(1), Win 2005. pp. 207-230.

Publisher:      US: Cambridge Univ Press  

Abstract:       This study was focused on contextual variations in the

parenting dimensions salient for preadolescent adjustment. The sample

consisted of 614 sixth graders from two communities, one low and the

other high income. Parenting dimensions included those known to be

significant in each socioeconomic context: isolation from parents

(emotional and physical), and parents' emphasis on achievements (overall

expectations and emphasis on integrity over success). Adjustment

outcomes included subjective well-being as well as school competence.

Contradicting stereotypes, results showed that on average, very affluent

children can perceive their parents as emotionally and physically

unavailable to the same degree that youth in serious poverty do. The

ramifications for adjustment also seem to be largely similar: Closeness

to parents was beneficial for all, just as criticism was deleterious.

Even after considering the quality of parent-child relationships,

parents' physical absence (e.g., at dinner) connoted vulnerability for

distress and for poor school performance in both groups. The

connotations of a few parenting dimensions varied by context and gender;

these variations are discussed as are overall implications for future

research and practice.

  _____ 

Title:   Model of Effects of Adult Attachment on Emotional Empathy of

Counseling Students.

Author(s):     Trusty, Jerry, Department of Counselor Education,

Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Services, Pennsylvania State

University, University Park, PA, US, jgt3@psu.edu;

Ng, Kok-Mun, Texas A&M University, Commerce, TX, US;

Watts, Richard E., Baylor University, Waco, TX, US

Address:        Trusty, Jerry, Department of Counselor Education,

Counseling Psychology and Rehabilitation Services, Pennsylvania State

University, University Park, PA, US, jgt3@psu.edu

Source: Journal of Counseling & Development, Vol 83(1), Win 2005. pp. 66-77.

Publisher:      US: American Counseling Assn

Abstract:       The effects of adult attachment on emotional empathy

were investigated using a sample of master's-degree level counseling

students. Through structural equation modeling, the authors found that

the latent attachment dimensions of avoidance and anxiety work in tandem

in their effects on empathy. Lower avoidance and higher anxiety were

associated with highest levels of empathy. Results are discussed in

terms of attachment theory and the wounded healer concept, with

implications for counselor trainees, counselor educators, and counselor

supervisors.

  _____ 

Title:   Attachment and Individuation of Deaf/Hard-of-Hearing and Hearing

Young Adults.

Author(s):     Weisel, Amatzia, School of Education, Tel Aviv

University, Ramat Aviv, Israel, weisel@post.tau.ac.il;

Kamara, Ahiya, School of Education, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv,

Israel

Address:        Weisel, Amatzia, School of Education, Tel Aviv

University, Ramat Aviv, Israel, 69978, weisel@post.tau.ac.il      

Source:  Journal of Deaf Studies & Deaf Education, Vol 10(1), Win 2005.

pp. 51-62.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Oxford Univ Press

Abstract:       This study examined differences between

deaf/hard-of-hearing (D/HH) and hearing persons with regard to two

interrelated and continuous developmental processes: attachment (Bowlby,

1969) and individuation (Mahler, 1963). The study also examined

intergroup differences in two personal variables assumed to be

influenced by these processes: self-esteem and well-being. Participants

comprised 38 D/HH and 42 hearing persons aged 18 to 35 years from middle

and upper-middle socioeconomic classes. All the D/HH participants had

graduated from mainstreamed educational programs. Findings showed that

D/HH participants expressed more fear of attachment and more fear of

individuation than did hearing participants. D/HH participants also

revealed a lower self-esteem and lower level of well-being compared to

hearing participants. Higher fear of attachment correlated with lower

levels of self-esteem and well-being. Results supported the theorized

relationships between attachment and individuation processes and between

these two processes and personality characteristics such as self-esteem

and well-being.

  _____ 

Title:   A Spirit of Inquiry.    

Author(s):     Herschkowitz, Samuel, NYU Psychoanalytic Institute, NY,

US, docsam@rocketmail.com

Address:        Herschkowitz, Samuel, 122 Willow Street, Brooklyn

Heights, NY, US, docsam@rocketmail.com 

Source:         Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, Vol 53(1),

Win 2005. pp. 306-309.

Publisher:      US: Analytic Press

Reviewed Item:        Joseph D. Lichtenberg; Frank M. Lachmann; James L.

Fosshage (2002). A Spirit of Inquiry; Hillsdale, NJ: The Analytic Press,

2002, 210 pp.

Abstract:       Reviews the book "A Spirit of Inquiry," by Joseph D.

Lichtenberg et al. (see record 2002-06373-000). The authors create a

developmental schema to bolster their understanding of why a relational

approach is central to the therapeutic action of psychoanalysis. The

relational model they generate is unique and offers a complex

understanding of how therapeutic action occurs. They integrate systems

theory and a developmental model incorporating data from attachment

research, neuroscience, self psychology, and child observation. Their

theoretical framework consists of five systems laid out in the earlier

volumes: psychological regulation, attachment (psychological and

biological), exploration, aversion, and sensuality. The focus of this

monograph is on how the free exchange of feelings and thoughts becomes

the engine for therapeutic action. The reader is informed of their

developmental matrix within the first three chapters. The authors

describe how mothers communicate with their babies both verbally and

nonverbally. The authors do not shy away from controversial issues. This

book is well written by experienced clinicians and theoreticians who

understand relational theory and have added significantly to its

foundations.

  _____ 

Title:   Treating Hypochondriasis with Interpersonal Psychotherapy.      

Author(s):     Stuart, Scott, scott-stuart@uiowa.edu;

Noyes, Russell Jr.

Address:        Stuart, Scott, Department of Psychiatry, University of

Iowa, 1-293 Medical Education Building, Iowa City, IA, US,

scott-stuart@uiowa.edu     

Source:         Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, Vol 35(3), Fal 2005. pp.

269-283.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer

Abstract:       The treatment of hypochondriacal patients can be

conceptualized as taking one of three approaches. These typically

address one of the following questions: 1) "Should the patient be

preoccupied?" 2) "Why is the patient preoccupied?" 3) "What are the

interpersonal consequences of being preoccupied?" Interpersonal

Psychotherapy (IPT) is specifically designed to address the last of

these questions. IPT focuses on understanding the patient's real

distress, exploring the patient's maladaptive communications, and

modifying those communications so that others are more able to meet the

patient's attachment needs. With a focus on communication in a

time-limited frame, fostered by a strong collaborative relationship, IPT

appears to be an effective method of reducing hypochondriacal behavior.

  _____ 

Title:   Relations Between Anxiety Sensitivity and Attachment Style

Dimensions.   

Author(s):     Watt, Margo C., Department of Psychology, St. Francis

Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada, mwatt@stfx.ca;

McWilliams, Lachlan A., University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;

Campbell, Anna G., University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada

Address:        Watt, Margo C., Department of Psychology, St. Francis

Xavier University, P.O. Box 5000, Antigonish, NS, Canada, B2G 2W5,

mwatt@stfx.ca        

Source:         Journal of Psychopathology & Behavioral Assessment, Vol 27(3),

Sep 2005. pp. 191-200.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer

Abstract:       This study replicated and extended the work of C. F.

Weems, S. L. Berman, W. K. Silverman, and E. T. Rodriquez (2002) by

investigating relations between anxiety sensitivity (AS) and attachment

dimensions in a sample of young adults. Two hundred and twenty-six

undergraduate students completed self-report measures including the

Anxiety Sensitivity Index and the measure of adult romantic attachment

used by C. F. Weems et al. (2002). In order to investigate the

association between AS and a different domain of attachment, a measure

of adult attachment referring to "close relationships" was included. As

defined by both measures, insecurely attached individuals, specifically

those classified as preoccupied and fearful (i.e., those with negative

Models of Self), reported significantly higher levels of AS than those

with secure and dismissing attachment styles (i.e., those with positive

Models of Self). Results indicated that across both measures the Model

of Self attachment dimension accounted for unique variance in AS levels

beyond that contributed by trait anxiety. The Model of Others attachment

dimension had a more limited association with AS.

  _____ 

Title:   Performance comparisons and attachment: An investigation of

competitive responses in close relationships.       

Author(s):     Scinta, Anthony, University of California, Los Angeles,

CA, US, tscinta@williams.edu;

Gable, Shelly L., University of California, Department of Psychology,

Los Angeles, CA, US

Address:        Scinta, Anthony, Williams College, Department of

Psychology, Williamstown, MA, US, tscinta@williams.edu 

Source:         Personal Relationships, Vol 12(3), Sep 2005. pp. 357-372.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:       Two studies investigated whether affective responses to

competitive performance situations are moderated by attachment style. In

Study 1, participants (n = 115) imagined their reactions to a superior

or inferior performance against their romantic partner or an

acquaintance. Results showed that participants low in attachment

avoidance, relative to those high in avoidance, indicated more

positivity after an inferior performance (empathy effect) to their

partners, and this finding held only in domains of high importance to

the partner, In Study 2, participants (n = 53) imagined comparisons with

their partner or a close friend. Low-avoidance participants, relative to

high-avoidance participants, exhibited sympathy and empathy effects in

comparisons involving their romantic partner but not those involving a

friend. The findings are discussed in terms of one's model of other and

perceived self-other separation, which are defined by avoidance but not

anxiety.

  _____ 

Title:   Perceiving concealment in relationships between parents and

adolescents: Links with parental behavior. 

Author(s):     Finkenauer, Catrin, Free University of Amsterdam,

Amsterdam, Netherlands, c.finkenauer@psy.vu.nl;

Frijns, Tom, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands;

Engels, Rutger C. M. E., Catholic University, Nijmegen, Netherlands;

Kerkhof, Peter, Free University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Address:        Finkenauer, Catrin, Free University of Amsterdam,

Department of Social Psychology, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, Netherlands,

c.finkenauer@psy.vu.nl       

Source:         Personal Relationships, Vol 12(3), Sep 2005. pp. 387-406.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:       Although concealment in relationships is commonplace,

little is known about its implications for the target of concealment.

Two large-scale studies among adolescents and their parents tested the

central hypothesis that parents' perception of child concealment

predicts poorer parenting behaviors toward their child. Further, we

investigated whether actual child concealment adds to the prediction of

parenting behaviors through an interaction with parental perception of

concealment. Study 1 yielded evidence for the hypothesized link, which

was independent of actual concealment. Study 2 largely replicated these

results for perceptions of both concealment and lying while controlling

for perceptions of disclosure. Overall, these results suggest that

parents' perception of child concealment coincides with poorer parenting

behaviors, regardless of actual child concealment.

  _____ 

Title:   The role of partner characteristics in attachment insecurity and

depressive symptoms.        

Author(s):     Whiffen, Valerie E., University of Ottawa, School of

Psychology, Ottawa, ON, Canada, whiff@uottawa.ca

Address:        Whiffen, Valerie E., University of Ottawa, School of

Psychology, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1N 6N5, whiff@uottawa.ca  

Source:         Personal Relationships, Vol 12(3), Sep 2005. pp. 407-423.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:       Depression is associated with marital distress and

attachment insecurity in romantic relationships. In this article, I

propose an attachment-theory model of depression, which links the

characteristics of romantic partners to attachment insecurity and

depression. I hypothesized that individuals who are avoidant of

closeness and/or who devalue their spouses will be perceived as

unresponsive to their spouses' vulnerability, which will increase the

spouse's attachment insecurity. Attachment insecurity was then proposed

to contribute to depressive symptoms over time. A sample of married or

cohabiting couples was recruited to complete questionnaires at an

Internet Web site at 2 time points, approximately 3 months apart. Path

analysis showed that for both husbands (N = 82) and wives (N = 99),

avoidance of closeness in 1 partner was associated with perceived

unresponsiveness to vulnerability and attachment insecurity in the other

partner. In addition, for husbands, attachment insecurity at T1

predicted depressive symptoms at T2, above and beyond baseline levels of

depression. These results provide encouraging support for an

attachment-theory approach to the study and treatment of depression,

particularly among married or cohabiting men.

  _____ 

Title:   Predictors of Quality of Life in Schizophrenia.       

Author(s):     Caron, Jean, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital

Research Centre, McGill University, Verdun, PQ, Canada,

jean.caron@uqat.uquebec.ca;

Lecomte, Yves, Tele-Universite, Montreal, Canada;

Stip, Emmanuel, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Centre de

recherche Fernand Seguin, Montreal, Canada;

Renaud, Suzanne, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Universite

de Montreal Hospital Centre, Montreal, Canada

Address:        Caron, Jean, Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Hospital

Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd., Verdun, PQ, Canada, H4H 1R3,

jean.caron@uqat.uquebec.ca        

Source:         Community Mental Health Journal, Vol 41(4), Aug 2005. pp.

399-417.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer  

Abstract:       The objective of this study was to clarify the

relationships between sociodemographics, clinical characteristics,

stressors, coping strategies, social support and quality of life (QOL)

in 143 patients with a diagnosis of either schizophrenia or

schizoaffective disorders. The research design is cross-sectional with

repeated measures on the same subjects after a 6-month interval. A

regression analysis generated a model that accounts for 50% of the

variance in QOL at Time 1 and 43% at Time 2. The best predictors of QOL

were two components of social support: attachment and reassurance of

worth. Severity of daily hassles, the coping strategy of changing the

situation, level of education and life-time hospitalization length were

also related to QOL.

  _____ 

Title:   Professional Dissonance: Colliding Values and Job Tasks in

Mental Health Practice.      

Author(s):     Taylor, Melissa Floyd, Department of Social Work,

University of North Carolina--Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, US;

Bentley, Kia J., Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, US

Address:        Taylor, Melissa Floyd, Department of Social Work,

University of North Carolina--Greensboro, P.O. Box 26170, Greensboros,

NC, US

Source:  Community Mental Health Journal, Vol 41(4), Aug 2005. pp. 469-480.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer

Abstract:       This study investigated the relationship between

individual and job characteristics of mental health social workers and

professional dissonance-an experienced conflict between values and job

tasks. A 33-item questionnaire, designed specifically for the study's

purposes was utilized. A total of 320 usable study questionnaires were

returned (44.5% response rate). The primary study hypothesis, that

professional dissonance is related to individual and job

characteristics, was partially supported by the data. While job

characteristics appeared to have little influence on dissonance, several

individual characteristics of the respondents were statistically related

to level of dissonance. Specifically, men with the most years of

experience and with lower reported attachment to self-determination

reported higher levels of dissonance. Study participants affirmed the

importance of life-long supervision in managing dissonance in practice.

  _____ 

Title:   School Attachment Among Latino Youth in Rural Minnesota.      

Author(s):     Diaz, Joseph D., Fayetteville State University, NC, US

Source:         Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Vol 27(3), Aug 2005.

pp. 300-318.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       To explore school attachment in a group of rural Latino

students in Minnesota, the data from 159 surveys given to students from

14 schools were analyzed. The findings indicate that students' level of

school attachment is increased by the frequency of attendance at

community events and by the number of extracurricular activities in

which students engaged. Consistent with theories of school attachment

was the finding that some high risk behaviors were reduced with greater

levels of school attachment, although limitations of the study prevent

generalization to the population of all Latino students. Additionally,

students surveyed who were born outside of the United States were found

to be more attached to their school than Latino students born in the

United States.

  _____ 

Title:   Examining minor and major depression in adolescents.     

Author(s):     González-Tejera, Gloria, Psychiatry Department,

University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, gmgonzalez@rcm.upr.edu;

Canino, Glorisa, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of

Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico;

Ramírez, Rafael, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of

Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico;

Chávez, Ligia, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of

Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico;

Shrout, Patrick, Department of Psychology, New York University, New

York, NY, US;

Bird, Hector, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and

Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, US;

Bravo, Milagros, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of

Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico;

Martínez-Taboas, Alfonso, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute,

University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico;

Ribera, Julio, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of

Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico;

Bauermeister, José, Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University

of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico

Address:        González-Tejera, Gloria, Psychiatry Department,

University of Puerto Rico, School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan,

Puerto Rico, 00936-5067, gmgonzalez@rcm.upr.edu       

Source:         Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, Vol 46(8), Aug 2005.

pp. 888-899.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:       Background: Research has shown that a large proportion

of adolescents with symptoms of depression and substantial distress or

impairment fail to meet the diagnostic criteria for a major depressive

disorder (MOD). However, many of these undiagnosed adolescents may meet

criteria for a residual category of the Diagnostic and Statistical

Manual of Mental Disorders-Fourth Edition-Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR),

Depressive Disorder Not Otherwise Specified. Minor Depression (mDEP), an

example of one of these categories, allows the inclusion of

sub-threshold cases that fall below the diagnostic criteria of the five

symptoms required for MDD. Minor depression in adolescence is important

because it is significantly related to MDD in adulthood. The present

study examines a number of risk factors, functional impairment,

comorbidity and service utilization patterns associated with depression

in community adolescents who met the DSM-IV criteria for mDEP and

compares their profile to adolescents who met the criteria for MDD.

Method: Puerto Rican adolescents 11 to 17 years old were selected from

an island-wide probability household sample of children ranging in age

from 4 to 17. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule in Spanish (DISC IV),

together with a structured protocol of risks and protective factors, and

service utilization questionnaires were administered to primary

caretakers and their children. Results: Our findings indicate that

youngsters with mDEP had significant impairment and used more mental

health services than those with major depression. In addition,

adolescents with mDEP had similar outcomes when compared to those

meeting full criteria for MDD in terms of psychosocial correlates and

comorbidity. Conclusions: The results, although not definitive, suggest

a need for further research in order to determine the validity of the

present DSM IV diagnostic criteria for mDEP in adolescents.

  _____ 

Title:   Assessing children's appraisals of security in the family

system: The development of the Security in the Family System (SIFS)

scales.

Author(s):     Forman, Evan M., Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA,

US, evan.forman@drexel.edu;

Davies, Patrick T., University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, US

Address:        Forman, Evan M., Department of Psychology, Drexel

University, 245 N. 15th St. MS 515, Philadelphia, PA, US,

evan.forman@drexel.edu     

Source:         Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, Vol 46(8), Aug 2005.

pp. 900-916.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:       Background: Although delineating the processes by which

children appraise the family as a source of security from their

collective experiences in the family subsystem has assumed center stage

in many conceptualizations of child development, the dearth of measures

of child adaptation in the family system has hindered empirical

advances. Therefore, this study introduced and tested the psychometric

properties of the Security in the Family System (SIFS) scales, a new

measure designed to assess children's appraisals of security in their

family as a whole. Methods: The SIFS was administered to 853

10-15-year-old schoolchildren and readministered to a smaller subsample

two weeks later. Additional data was gathered from children, caregivers

and teachers using a variety of instruments tapping family instability,

cohesion, and conflict; parenting warmth and psychological control;

child externalizing and internalizing symptoms; parent-child and

interparental insecurity; and children's reactions to conflict

simulations. Results: Consistent with models of emotional security in

the family, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses yielded three

reliable (i.e., good internal consistency, test-retest reliability)

dimensions of family security: Preoccupation, Security, and

Disengagement. Concurrent and prospective associations between the SIFS

scales and measures of family functioning, children's psychological

problems, and insecurity in specific family relationships supported the

validity of the SIFS. Support for the discriminant validity of the SIFS

was evidenced by its specific patterns of relations with children's

psychological problems and ability to predict psychological problems

after controlling for insecurity in specific family subsystems.

Conclusions: Results indicate that the SIFS is a psychometrically sound

tool capable of advancing family process models, and that family

security is a viable construct whose factors parallel already-identified

patterns of children's security in other family relationships.

  _____ 

Title:   The influence of place attachment on recreation demand.         

Author(s):     Hailu, Getu, Department of Rural Economy, University of

Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada;

Boxall, Peter C., Department of Rural Economy, University of Alberta,

Edmonton, AB, Canada, peter.boxall@ualberta.ca;

McFarlane, Bonita L., Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service,

Edmonton, AB, Canada

Address:        Boxall, Peter C., Department of Rural Economy,

University of Alberta, 515 General Services Bldg., Edmonton, AB, Canada,

T6G 2H1, peter.boxall@ualberta.ca 

Source:         Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol 26(4), Aug 2005. pp.

581-598.

Publisher:      Netherlands: Elsevier Science

Abstract:       The travel cost model is a common tool economists use to

estimate non-market values associated with recreation. Very rarely are

social psychological variables used in the estimation of these models.

Recent recreation literature proposes an important role for

psychological attachment to place in recreation settings. The model

developed in this paper combined typical variables used in travel cost

models with place attachment attitudinal constructs in a structural

equation model. The information used in the analysis came from a sample

of recreationists who were interviewed at camping sites and completed a

mail survey. The combination of these two approaches to study recreation

demands resulted in a richer empirical treatment of recreation economic

behaviour. The results suggest that recreation habits and social

psychological constructs such as place attachment formed through

previous trips influence recreation demand and have potential impacts on

consumer surplus estimates.

  _____ 

Title:   Inattentive Listening Undermines Self-Verification in Personal

Storytelling.  

Author(s):     Pasupathi, Monisha, University of Utah, Salt Lake City,

UT, US, pasupathi@psych.utah.edu;

Rich, Ben, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, US

Address:        Pasupathi, Monisha, Department of Psychology, University

of Utah, 390 S.1530 E. BEH-S 502, Salt Lake City, UT, US,

pasupathi@psych.utah.edu 

Source:  Journal of Personality, Vol 73(4), Aug 2005. pp. 1051-1086.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:       Two studies explore the narrative construction of

self-perceptions in conversational storytelling among pairs of same-sex

friends. Specifically, the studies examined how listener behavior can

support or undermine attempts to self-verify in personal storytelling.

In two studies (n = 100 dyads), speakers told attentive, distracted, or

disagreeable (Study 1 only) friends about a recent experience.

Distracted, but not disagreeable, friends tended to undermine

participants' attempts to verify their self-perception of being

interested in an activity (Study 1) or their self-perception that an

event was typical for them (Study 2). These results support the notion

that friends can be an important source of influence on self-perceptions

and, perhaps surprisingly, suggest that responsiveness from friends,

rather than agreement per se, may be crucial for supporting

self-verification processes.

  _____ 

Title:   Can Control Theory Explain the Link Between Parental Physical

Abuse and Delinquency? A Longitudinal Analysis.  

Author(s):     Rebellon, Cesar J.; Van Gundy, Karen

Address:        Rebellon, Cesar J., Department of Sociology, Horton

Social Science Center, 20 College Road, Durham, NH, US 

Source:         Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, Vol 42(3), Aug 2005.

pp. 247-274.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       Although a growing literature suggests that physical

abuse is associated with delinquency, little empirical research has

attempted to probe the nature of the mechanism that underlies the

apparent relationship. Moreover, because the theoretical literature

tends to invoke learning and strain theories as explanations for the

apparent relationship, even less research has attempted to determine

whether control theory can account for the link between abuse and

delinquency. It remains possible, however, that measures of abuse are

highly correlated with self-control or that abuse itself promotes

delinquency only insofar as it impedes conventional social bonds. The

present study attempts to provide a preliminary test of these

possibilities using three waves of panel data from a national

probability sample. Longitudinal results suggest that abuse contributes

to violent offending as well as property offending and that neither

self-control theory nor social bonding theory appears capable of

explaining the relationship.

  _____ 

Title:   Do Automatic Reactions Elicited by Thoughts of Romantic Partner,

Mother, and Self Relate to Adult Romantic Attachment?  

Author(s):     Zayas, Vivian, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,

US, vaza@u.washington.edu;

Shoda, Yuichi, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US,

yshoda@u.washington.edu

Address:        Zayas, Vivian, Department of Psychology, University of

Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, US, vaza@u.washington.edu     

Source:         Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol 31(8), Aug 2005.

pp. 1011-1025.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       Three studies tested the expectation that automatic

reactions elicited by the mental representation of one's current

romantic partner, mother, and self relate to adult romantic attachment.

Adult romantic attachment was assessed using multiple measures, and

individual differences in automatic reactions were assessed by the

Implicit Association Test (IAT). Studies 1 and 2 showed that automatic

reactions elicited by thoughts of current romantic partner, but not by

thoughts of self, were related to adult romantic attachment assessed at

a specific (i.e., within one's current romantic relationship) and

general level (i.e., across all romantic relationships). The pattern of

results was stronger among individuals identified as

attachment-schematic. Studies 2 and 3 showed that automatic reactions

elicited by thoughts of one's mother were related to adult romantic

attachment assessed at a general level. In all three studies, results

did not differ depending on how adult romantic attachment was

conceptualized (four styles vs. two dimensions).

  _____ 

Title:   Generalized and Specific Attachment Representations: Unique and

Interactive Roles in Predicting Conflict Behaviors in Close

Relationships.

Author(s):     Creasey, Gary, Illinois State University, Normal, IL,

US, glcrease@ilstu.edu;

Ladd, Aimee, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, US

Address:        Creasey, Gary, Department of Psychology, Illinois State

University, Normal, IL, US, glcrease@ilstu.edu      

Source:         Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol 31(8), Aug 2005.

pp. 1026-1038.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       The authors expected that associations between the

representations individuals possess regarding romantic partners and

their conflict behavior would be moderated by generalized attachment

representations (GAR). To test this premise, college students (N = 130)

were administered two attachment measures and were observed during

conflict negotiation with their partners. The Relationship Styles

Questionnaire assessed specific representations regarding partners and

GAR were measured by the Adult Attachment Interview. The relationship

between romantic partner representations and conflict tactics were

dependent on GAR. Individuals who possessed secure GAR generally

displayed good conflict management skills, regardless of their

attachment representations regarding their romantic partners.

Individuals who held more anxious or avoidant perceptions of romantic

partners displayed more problematic conflict tactics if they possessed

insecure GAR; however, these associations were dependent on the type of

conflict behavior and the type of insecure GAR. Implications for future

research are discussed.

  _____ 

Title:   The Apple Does Not Fall Far From the Tree: Attachment Styles and

Personality Vulnerabilities to Depression in Three Generations of Women.;

Author(s):     Besser, Avi, Sapir Academic College, Israel,

besser@mail.sapir.ac.il;

Priel, Beatriz, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel,

bpriel@bgumail.bgu.ac.il

Address:        Besser, Avi, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Sapir

Academic College, D. N. Hof Ashkelon, Israel, 79165,

besser@mail.sapir.ac.il        

Source:         Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol 31(8), Aug 2005.

pp. 1052-1073.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       The intergenerational transmission of attachment

insecurity was examined in a community sample of 300 participants

consisting of 100 three-generation triads of women. It was hypothesized

that personality vulnerabilities mediate the association between

attachment insecurity and depression within each generation. Findings

show significant intergenerational congruence of trait vulnerabilities

and attachment styles. Moreover, the second generation's attachment

dimensions and personality vulnerabilities were found to mediate the

association between first- and third-generation scores on attachment and

vulnerability variables. Findings supported the following hypothesized

within- and between-generation paths: Within generations, self-criticism

was found to mediate the association between attachment insecurity and

depression; between generations, depression, but not self-criticism,

mediated the association between assessments of attachment insecurity in

mothers and their daughters. This study constitutes a first approach to

the delineation of the role played by self-criticism in the association

between negative models of the self and depression across generations.

  _____ 

Title:   Trends and predictors of HIV-positive community attachment among

PLWHA.        

Author(s):     Rawstorne, Patrick, National Centre in HIV Social

Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,

p.rawstorne@unsw.edu.au;

Prestage, G., National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research,

University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

Grierson, J., Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, La

Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;

Song, A., National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New

South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

Grulich, A., National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research,

University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;

Kippax, S., National Centre in HIV Social Research, University of New

South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia

Address:        Rawstorne, Patrick, National Centre in HIV Social

Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of New South

Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2052, p.rawstorne@unsw.edu.au        

Source:         AIDS Care, Vol 17(5), Jul 2005. pp. 589-600.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       Communities most affected by HIV/AIDS have been

instrumental in shaping Australia's responses to the threat of the

epidemic. There are recent signs that levels of engagement in

communities based around HIV-positivity have changed: a diminished sense

of an AIDS crisis, the relative success of highly active antiretroviral

therapy (HAART), and an increasing individualization of the HIV

experience may be contributing to changes in the way HIV-community is

experienced. In this paper, we explore levels of engagement in

HIV-positive community among a cohort of people living with HIV/AIDS

(PLWHA) and seek to explain why some PLWHA engage in an HIV-positive

community while others do not. Using multivariate logistic regression,

we found that three factors were independently related to feeling part

of an HIV-positive community: having been diagnosed with HIV prior to

the advent of HAART; having more recently taken Bactrim or Septrin for

PCP; and finding it easier to take 'pills' on time. Taken together,

these results suggest that both historical effects, such as the

introduction of HAART, and effects related to living with HIV, such as

the experience of an AIDS-related illness, help explain HIV-positive

community engagement among PLWHA.

  _____ 

Title:   How Early Bonding, Depression, Illicit Drug Use, and Perceived

Support Work Together to Influence Drug-Dependent Mothers' Caregiving.      

Author(s):     Suchman, Nancy E., Department of Psychiatry, Yale

University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, US, nancy.suchman@yale.edu;

McMahon, Thomas J., Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of

Medicine, New Haven, CT, US;

Slade, Arietta, Department of Psychology, City University of New York,

New York, NY, US;

Luthar, Suniya S., Department of Human Development, Teachers College,

Columbia University, New York, NY, US

Address:        Suchman, Nancy E., Yale University Psychosocial

Substance Abuse Research Center, VA-CT Healthcare Center (151D), 950

Campbell Avenue, West Haven, CT, US, nancy.suchman@yale.edu       

Source:         American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, Vol 75(3), Jul 2005. pp.

431-445.

Publisher:      US: Educational Publishing Foundation

Abstract:       In this study, the authors used an attachment framework

to examine how drug-dependent mothers' early bonding experience,

depression, illicit drug use, and perceived support work together to

influence the family environment. The authors hypothesized that (a)

depression and drug use function as proxies for a stronger risk factor,

the perceived absence of support available in everyday life, and (b)

associations between mothers' early bonding experience and family

environment are mediated by perceptions of support and nurture available

in everyday life. The authors used a "building block" analytic approach

and data collected from 125 mothers enrolled in methadone maintenance to

test hypotheses. Both hypotheses were confirmed for 1 outcome, family

adaptability. For the 2nd outcome, family cohesion, only perceived

support was a significant predictor. Although preliminary, the findings

suggest that perceptions of relationships in everyday life play a

critical role in the etiology of drug-dependent mothers' parenting.

  _____ 

Title:   To Continue or Relinquish Bonds: A Review of Consequences for

the Bereaved.

Author(s):     Stroebe, Margaret, University of Utrecht, Utrecht,

Netherlands, m.s.stroebe-harrold@fss.uu.nl;

Schut, Henk, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

Address:        Stroebe, Margaret, Department of Psychology, University

of Utrecht, Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, Netherlands,

m.s.stroebe-harrold@fss.uu.nl       

Source:         Death Studies, Vol 29(6), Jul-Aug 2005. pp. 477-494.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       This article reviews research on the continuing-breaking

bonds controversy. Across the course of the 20th century a shift in

theorizing took place from an emphasis on the benefits of breaking bonds

to investigation of the presence and usefulness of continuing bonds with

a deceased person. These different theoretical formulations are examined

and empirical evidence on the (mal)adaptive value of retaining versus

relinquishing bonds is assessed. The review shows that neither is it

possible to conclude that continuing nor that relinquishing bonds is

generally helpful. Researchers need to work toward understanding how and

for whom continuing or relinquishing bonds furthers adjustment.

  _____ 

Title:   A Variation on the Story of the Mustard Seed.     

Author(s): Balk, David E., (Ed); Lehman, Kate

Source:  Death Studies, Vol 29(6), Jul-Aug 2005. pp. 573-578.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Reviewed Item:        Adolf Hansen (2004). Responding to Loss: A Resource for

Caregivers; Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc, 2004.

116 pages. (ISBN 0-89503-301-1).

Abstract:       Reviews the book "Responding to Loss: A Resource for

Caregivers," by Adolf Hansen (2004). The author states that the central

thesis of his book is "to live is to experience loss. To survive is to

learn how to respond". One of the strengths of the book is a concerted

effort by the author to be inclusive to people of different backgrounds,

beliefs, and life experiences. For example, by recognizing that people

make significant attachments not only to human beings, this book could

be helpful to persons grieving the death of a cherished pet or for the

loss of a vision for what might yet come to be. There are indications

that the book is geared toward those who seek to understand their own

losses. For example, at the end of each chapter there is a section to

help readers apply what they have just learned to their experiences and

resultant assumptions. The author, however, does not indicate when

counseling may prove to be inadequate, or when bereavement therapy may

be necessary. Much of the meaning of our lives is formed through our

significant attachments with others; when those attachments are broken,

relationships with others can help us to discover a renewed meaning of

life. This book can help people in that task.

  _____ 

Title:   Temperament, Relationships, and Young Children's Receptive

Cooperation With Their Parents.     

Author(s):     Kochanska, Grazyna, Department of Psychology, University

of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US, grazyna-kochanska@uiowa.edu;

Aksan, Nazan, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City,

IA, US;

Carlson, Jennifer J., Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa

City, IA, US

Address:        Kochanska, Grazyna, Department of Psychology, University

of Iowa, Seashore Hall, Iowa City, IA, US, grazyna-kochanska@uiowa.edu      

Source:  Developmental Psychology, Vol 41(4), Jul 2005. pp. 648-660.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn

Abstract:       The authors studied receptive cooperation--a willing,

eager stance toward parents--in 15-month-old children (N=101) in broadly

ranging contexts. Children's anger proneness and parents' responsiveness

(both observed at 7 months) and children's attachment security (assessed

in Strange Situation at 15 months) were examined as predictors of

children's receptive cooperation at 15 months. In mother-child dyads,

secure attachment was strongly associated with children's higher

receptive cooperation. Maternal responsiveness in infancy also promoted

children's future receptive cooperation, but its impact was moderated by

child anger: Responsiveness had a positive effect for children who as

infants were highly anger prone. In father-child dyads, the negative

effect of anger proneness on receptive cooperation with father was

significantly amplified for insecure children. Mother's responsiveness

and child's secure attachment to the mother promoted child receptive

cooperation with the father, but there were no similar effects for

fathers.

  _____ 

Title:   Early intervention service providers: What do they say about

their infant mental health training needs?  

Author(s):     Hadadian, Azar, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, US,

ahadadia@bsu.edu;

Tomlin, Angela M., Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis,

IN, US;

Sherwood-Puzzello, Catherine M., Indiana University, IN, US

Address:        Hadadian, Azar, Department of Special Education, Ball

State University, Muncie, IN, US, ahadadia@bsu.edu      

Source:         Early Child Development & Care, Vol 175(5), Jul 2005. pp.

431-444.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis    

Abstract:       Early intervention providers (957) were asked about

their comfort level with and interest in training in infant mental

health (IMH) topics including attachment, behavior and

regulation/adaption, and whether they worked with families who needed

information in these areas. Results indicated that providers continue to

grow in understanding of these core IMH topics and that they continue to

recognize the importance of training in these areas for themselves and

families. Significant differences were found by provider type, level of

experience and minority status. Both minority and less experienced

providers were most interested in learning more about IMH topics.

  _____ 

Title:   Association of vasopressin 1a receptor levels with a regulatory

microsatellite and behavior. 

Author(s):     Hammock, E. A. D., Center for Behavioral Neuroscience,

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National

Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US,

liz.hammock@gmail.com;

Lim, M. M., Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry

and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory

University, Atlanta, GA, US;

Nair, H. P., Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research

Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US;

Young, L. J., Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Yerkes National Primate Research

Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US

Address:        Hammock, E. A. D., Center for Behavioral Neuroscience,

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University,

Atlanta, GA, US, liz.hammock@gmail.com  

Source:  Genes, Brain & Behavior, Vol 4(5), Jul 2005. pp. 289-301.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing 

Abstract:       Vasopressin regulates complex behaviors such as anxiety,

parenting, social engagement and attachment and aggression in a

species-specific manner. The capacity of vasopressin to modulate these

behaviors is thought to depend on the species-specific distribution

patterns of vasopressin 1a receptors (V1aRs) in the brain. There is

considerable individual variation in the pattern of V1aR binding in the

brains of the prairie vole species, Microtus ochrogaster. We hypothesize

that this individual variability in V1aR expression levels is associated

with individual variation in a polymorphic microsatellite in the 5'

regulatory region of the prairie vole v1ar gene. Additionally, we

hypothesize that individual variation in V1aR expression contributes to

individual variation in vasopressin-dependent behaviors. To test these

hypotheses, we first screened 20 adult male prairie voles for behavioral

variation using tests that measure anxiety-related and social behaviors.

We then assessed the brains of those animals for V1aR variability with

receptor autoradiography and used polymerase chain reaction to genotype

the same animals for the length of their 5' microsatellite polymorphism

in the v1ar gene. In this report, we describe the results of this

discovery-based experimental approach to identify potential gene, brain

and behavior interrelationships. The analysis reveals that V1aR levels,

in some but not all brain regions, are associated with microsatellite

length and that V1aR levels in those and other brain regions correlate

with anxiety-related and social behaviors. These results generate novel

hypotheses regarding neural control of anxiety-related and social

behaviors and yield insight into potential mechanisms by which

non-coding gene polymorphisms may influence behavioral traits.

  _____ 

Title:   If these Walls Could Talk: Places as Stages for Human Drama.   

Author(s):     Sarbin, Theodore R., University of California, Santa

Cruz, CA, US, trs85@aol.com

Address:        Sarbin, Theodore R., 25515 Hatton Road, Carmel, CA, US,

trs85@aol.com        

Source:         Journal of Constructivist Psychology, Vol 18(3), Jul-Sep 2005.

pp. 203-214.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       I advance the argument that the construction of identity

is dependent on the actor's participation in interpersonal dramas. The

narratives that flow from participation in personal or social drama

become the anchors that affirm one's claims to identity. Historically,

psychologists have given little attention to the places that provide the

stages for such action. A dramatic engagement involves not only the act,

the actors and their motives, but also the scenes (the places) that

provide the backdrop for social life. Observations of the variability in

performances attributable to scenes suggests place identity as a

significant component of social identity. Accounts of emotional

attachments to places support place identity as a useful construction in

describing the components of a self. An implication of this analysis is

that architects and planners, in their efforts to redesign cities,

should take into account the construction that urban places are stages

for the enactment of human dramas.

Conference:   Annual Convention of the American Psychological

Association, Division 34, 112th, Jul-Aug, 2004, Honolulu, HI, US 

Conference Notes:    This article was an invited address at the

aforementioned conference and a preliminary version was presented at the

40th Making Cities Livable Conference, June 13-17, London.

  _____ 

Title:   Client and Counselor Trainee Attachment as Predictors of Session

Evaluation and Countertransference Behavior in First Counseling

Sessions.      

Author(s):     Mohr, Jonathan J., Department of Psychology, University

of Maryland, MD, US, jmohr@gmu.edu;

Gelso, Charles J., Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, MD, US;

Hill, Clara E., Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, MD, US

Address:        Mohr, Jonathan J., Department of Psychology, George

Mason University, Mail Stop 3F5, Fairfax, VA, US, jmohr@gmu.edu        

Source:         Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 52(3), Jul 2005. pp.

298-309.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn

Abstract:       This study investigated client and counselor trainee

attachment as predictors of session evaluation and countertransference

behavior in 93 first counseling sessions. Results indicated that client

attachment predicted aspects of session evaluation, whereas counselor

attachment and the interaction of client and counselor attachment

predicted aspects of countertransference. Specifically, client fearful

attachment was negatively associated with client ratings of session

smoothness and depth and with counselor ratings of session smoothness.

Counselor dismissing attachment was positively associated with

supervisor ratings of hostile countertransference. Furthermore,

interactions between client and counselor attachment predicted hostile

and distancing countertransference reactions, such that

countertransference was highest when the client had a preoccupied

attachment pattern and the counselor trainee had a fearful or dismissing

attachment pattern.

Conference:   Annual Convention of the American Psychological

Association, 108, Aug, 2000, Washington, DC, US

Conference Notes:    An earlier version of this article was presented

at the aforementioned conference.

  _____ 

Title:   Adult Attachment and Help-Seeking Intent: The Mediating Roles of

Psychological Distress and Perceived Social Support.      

Author(s):     Vogel, David L., Department of Psychology, Iowa State

University, Ames, IA, US, dvogel@iastate.edu;

Wei, Meifen, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, US

Address:        Vogel, David L., Department of Psychology, Iowa State

University, W149 Lagomarcino Hall, Ames, IA, US, dvogel@iastate.edu  

Source:         Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 52(3), Jul 2005. pp.

347-357.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn

Abstract:       This study examined the mediating roles of perceived

social support and psychological distress on the relationship between

adult attachment and help-seeking intentions. Participants were 355

college students at a large Midwestern university. The structural

equation model results indicated that attachment anxiety in individuals

was positively related to acknowledging distress and to seeking help.

Conversely, individuals with attachment avoidance denied their distress

and were reluctant to seek help. However, both individuals with

attachment anxiety and individuals with avoidance also perceived less

social support, which negatively contributed to their experience of

distress, and their distress then positively contributed to their

help-seeking intention. Furthermore, attachment anxiety and avoidance,

social support, and distress explained 17% of the variance in intent to

seek help.   

  _____ 

Title:   Attachment, Social Competencies, Social Support, and

Psychological Distress.       

Author(s):     Mallinckrodt, Brent, Department of Educational, School,

and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US,

mallinckrodtb@missouri.edu;

Wei, Meifen, Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, US

Address:        Mallinckrodt, Brent, Department of Educational, School,

and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri, 16 Hill Hall,

Columbia, MO, US, mallinckrodtb@missouri.edu     

Source:         Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 52(3), Jul 2005. pp.

358-367.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn     

Abstract:       In this survey study of 430 undergraduates, elements of

the social competencies and interpersonal processes model (B.

Mallinckrodt, 2000) were tested. Two social competencies were

hypothesized to mediate the direct effects of 2 independent variables,

attachment anxiety and avoidance, on 2 outcomes, psychological distress

and perceived social support. Social self-efficacy was expected to be a

significant mediator only for attachment anxiety. Emotional awareness,

construed as low levels of alexithymia, was expected to be a significant

mediator only for attachment avoidance. A bootstrap method was used to

estimate the significance of indirect effects. Structural equation

analyses suggested that, instead of specialized significant parings of

one mediator with one independent variable, both social self-efficacy

and emotional awareness served as significant mediators for both

attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance.

  _____ 

Title:   Adult Attachment, Depressive Symptoms, and Validation From Self

Versus Others.        

Author(s):     Wei, Meifen, Department of Psychology, Iowa State

University, Ames, IA, US, wei@iastate.edu;

Mallinckrodt, Brent, Department of Educational, School, and Counseling

Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, US;

Larson, Lisa M., Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames,

IA, US;

Zakalik, Robyn A., Department of Psychology, Iowa State University,

Ames, IA, US

Address:        Wei, Meifen, Department of Psychology, Iowa State

University, W112 Lagomarcino Hall, Ames, IA, US, wei@iastate.edu      

Source:         Journal of Counseling Psychology, Vol 52(3), Jul 2005. pp.

368-377.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn

Abstract:       Attachment working models of self and others may govern

adults' preferences for internal vs. external sources of reassurance,

which, if unavailable, lead to depressive symptoms. This study examined

a model in which the link between depressive symptoms and attachment

anxiety is mediated by (a) capacity for self-reinforcement and (b) need

for reassurance from others, whereas the link between depressive

symptoms and attachment avoidance is mediated only by the capacity for

self-reinforcement. Analysis of survey data from 425 undergraduates

indicated that both capacity for self-reinforcement and need for

reassurance from others partially mediated the link between attachment

anxiety and depression. Capacity for self-reinforcement fully mediated

the link between attachment avoidance and depression. Moreover, 54% of

the variance in depressive symptoms was explained by attachment anxiety,

self-reinforcement, and need for reassurance from others.

  _____ 

Title:   Adult Couples Facing a Planned or an Unplanned Pregnancy: Two

Realities.      

Author(s):     Bouchard, Geneviève, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB,

Canada, bouchage@umoncton.ca

Address:        Bouchard, Geneviève, School of Psychology, Universite de

Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada, E1A 3E9, bouchage@umoncton.ca      

Source:         Journal of Family Issues, Vol 26(5), Jul 2005. pp. 619-637.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       This study examined demographic, individual, and

relational factors that differentiate adult couples facing an unplanned

pregnancy carried to term from those facing a planned pregnancy. One

hundred and eighteen couples expecting their first child completed,

along with a demographic questionnaire, measures of personality,

perceived stress, depression, attachment, and dyadic adjustment during

the third trimester of the women's pregnancy. Results showed that

demographic risk factors for unplanned births included age, education

level, annual income, length of relationship, and marital status. In

addition, high levels of neuroticism, depression, and perceived stress,

and low levels of agreeableness and conscientiousness were individual

factors associated with unplanned pregnancies among pregnant women.

Relational factors associated with unplanned pregnancies included low

levels of secure attachment and high levels of anxious-ambivalent and

avoidant attachment in men and women. The findings clearly suggest that

the psychosocial environment of couples with unplanned pregnancies is

problematic.

  _____ 

Title:   September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds. 

Author(s):     McCarroll, James E., Department of Psychiatry, Uniformed

Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, US

Source:         Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, Vol 193(7), Jul 2005. pp.

496-497.

Publisher:      US: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Reviewed Item:        Susan W. Coates; Jane L. Rosenthal; Daniel S. Schechter

(2003). September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds; Hillsdale (NJ): Analytic

Press. ISBN 0-88163-381-X. xiii + 293 pp. 

Abstract:       Reviews the book "September 11: Trauma and Human Bonds,"

by Susan W. Coates, Jane L. Rosenthal and Daniel S. Schechter (see

record 2003-06904-000). This book is an exploration of the effect of

massive trauma upon the bonds of attachment between parents and children

following the attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11,

2001, (9/11) in New York City (NYC). The book grew out of a conference

on the transgenerational transmission of trauma sponsored by the

Parent-Infant Program of the Columbia University Center for

Psychoanalytic Training and Research and the Sackler Institute for

Developmental Psychology. It includes chapters on direct clinical

services in the aftermath of the attack, personal stories of families,

the effects of trauma, and public health and public policy perspectives

on preparing and responding to terror attacks. Other chapters describe

neurobiological theories of the effects of trauma, particularly on the

developing brain of the child.

  _____ 

Title:   The Multilevel Effects of Occupational Stressors on Soldiers'

Well-Being, Organizational Attachment, and Readiness.   

Author(s):     Tucker, Jennifer S., Department of Psychology, Portland

State University, Portland, OR, US, Jennifer.S.Tucker@us.army.mil;

Sinclair, Robert R., Department of Psychology, Portland State

University, Portland, OR, US;

Thomas, Jeffrey L., U.S. Army Medical Research Unit--Europe, Walter Reed

Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Heidelberg, Germany

Address:        Tucker, Jennifer S., U.S. Army Research Institute,

Infantry Forces Research Institute, P.O. Box 52086, Fort Benning, GA,

US, Jennifer.S.Tucker@us.army.mil 

Source:  Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol 10(3), Jul 2005.

pp. 276-299.

Publisher:      US: Educational Publishing Foundation

Abstract:       The U.S. Army typifies the stressful nature of many

contemporary work settings, as soldiers face a climate of increasing

work demands coupled with declining resources. The authors used social

identity theory to propose hypotheses regarding contextual and

cross-level effects of shared stressors on individual outcomes critical

to the functioning of military units (well-being, attachment,

readiness). Although the authors found weak support for direct effects

of shared stressors on individual outcomes, they found several

compelling moderating effects for shared stressors on person-level

stressor-outcome relationships. For most effects, shared stressors

intensified the effects of person-level stressors on morale, commitment,

and depression. However, some shared stressors exerted counterintuitive

effects on stressor-outcome relationships. Implications for research and

military personnel management are discussed.

  _____ 

Title:   The moderating effects of peer substance use on the family

structure-adolescent substance use association: Quantity versus quality

of parenting. 

Author(s):     Eitle, David, School of Policy and Management, Florida

International University, Miami, FL, US, eitled@fiu.edu

Address:        Eitle, David, School of Policy and Management, Florida

International University, 369 PCA, University Park, Miami, FL, US,

eitled@fiu.edu

Source:   Addictive Behaviors, Vol 30(5), Jun 2005. pp. 963-980.

Publisher:      Netherlands: Elsevier Science

Abstract:       This study examines the association between family

structure and adolescent substance use, specifically focusing on the

potential conditioning effects of the level of exposure to

substance-using peers. Using data from a statewide study of Florida

students, tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, and other illicit drug use was

regressed on measures of family structure, exposure to deviant peers,

family process variables (including supervision, attachment, and

discipline), and an array of salient predictors of adolescent substance

use. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the level of exposure to

substance-using peers moderates the relationship between family

structure and substance use for three of the four dependent variables.

The core finding is that living with two natural parents serves as a

protective factor against using tobacco, alcohol, or other illicit

drugs, but only under conditions when exposure to deviant peers is

lowest. Under conditions when exposure to deviant peers is highest,

teens residing in a traditional two-parent family are most likely to

report substance use. However, some evidence suggests that this latter

finding may be due to differences in the duration of exposure to deviant

peers. These findings reinforce the need to continue to explore how the

quantity of parenting may provide additional protection against

adolescent substance use beyond quality of parenting factors.

  _____ 

Title:   Contributions of attachment style and perceived social support

to lifetime use of illicit substances. 

Author(s):     Caspers, Kristin M., Psychiatry Research/MEB, Department

of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,

US, kristin-caspers@uiowa.edu;

Cadoret, Remi J., Psychiatry Research/MEB, Department of Psychiatry,

College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US;

Langbehn, Douglas, Psychiatry Research/MEB, Department of Psychiatry,

College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US;

Yucuis, Rebecca, Psychiatry Research/MEB, Department of Psychiatry,

College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US;

Troutman, Beth, Psychiatry Research/MEB, Department of Psychiatry,

College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, US

Address:        Caspers, Kristin M., Psychiatry Research/MEB, Department

of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA,

US, kristin-caspers@uiowa.edu      

Source:   Addictive Behaviors, Vol 30(5), Jun 2005. pp. 1007-1011.

Publisher:      Netherlands: Elsevier Science

Abstract:       Research has shown insecure attachment style is

associated with ineffective emotional regulation leading to maladaptive

behaviors in adulthood. In the present study, we examined the

association between attachment style and illicit substance use within a

sample of adoptees (n=148). It was predicted that insecure attachment

style would be associated with a higher incidence of lifetime illicit

substance use and that perceived social support would mediate this

association. Logistic regression analyses showed higher prevalence of

illicit substance use among both insecure attachment groups as compared

to the secure group. No difference was found between the two insecure

types. Perceived social support was found to mediate the association

between attachment style and illicit substance use for the

insecure-preoccupied group only. The findings from the present study

further implicate attachment style in the risk for illicit substance

use, as well as preventions designed to identify those at risk for use.

  _____ 

Title:   The First Idea: How Symbols, Language, and Intelligence Evolved

>From Our Primate Ancestors to Modern Humans. 

Author(s):     Deutsch, Judith R.; Deutsch, James W.

Source:  American Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 162(6), Jun 2005. pp.

1232-1233.

Publisher:      US: American Psychiatric Assn

Reviewed Item:        Stanley I. Greenspan and Stuart C. Shanker (2004). The

First Idea: How Symbols, Language, and Intelligence Evolved From Our

Primate Ancestors to Modern Humans; Cambridge, Mass., Da Capo Press,

2004, 504 pp.

Abstract:  Reviews the book by Greenspan and Shanker.

Psychoanalyst/child psychiatrist Greenspan and

philosopher Shanker marshall paleoanthropology, neuroscience, clinical

work with children diagnosed as autistic, and primate, infant, and

attachment research to show how two million years of accumulated

cultural progress are packed into several months of early life. One

wishes that the authors had made more use of the rich contributions of

child psychoanalysts like Winnicott, Fraiberg, Spitz, and E. Furman, who

so carefully observed and captured the emotional quality of both mother

and infant. The authors seem comparatively behavioral and mechanistic.

It is puzzling that their comprehensive program for autistic children

(Table 12.2, p. 316) makes no mention of emotion per se. Further, one

misses the greater complexity and depth with which these earlier

clinicians described and conceptualized the emotional field. Perhaps the

most questionable part of the study is the lengthy section on group

psychology, which offers a developmental view of the capacity of groups

to function "democratically." Despite their claims of not offering a

simplistic linear view of history, and of not being ethnocentric, the

authors' conclusions seem to us uncritical and highly ethnocentric.

  _____ 

Title:   Editorial: Romance, marriage, adolescent motherhood, leaving for

college, plus shyness and attachment in the preschool years.    

Author(s):     Steele, Howard

Source:  Attachment & Human Development, Vol 7(2), Jun 2005. pp. 103-104.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       This second issue of 2005 includes reports from the

United States, Canada and Sweden covering novel attachment results and

methods for understanding romantic relationships, marital relationships,

emotion understanding in adolescent mothers of toddlers, parent

adolescent relationships in the context of the transition to college,

and children's relationships with teachers and peers in the preschool

years. One of the papers presents compelling evidence demonstrating the

long-term significance of the early infant mother relationship for young

adults' romantic relationships assessed via Judith Crowell's Couple

Relationship Interview (CRI) and observed couple interactions. Adult

romantic relationships receive further attention in the second paper.

The fourth paper delivers results highlighting how a stressful life

experience, like leaving home for college, may be seen to exacerbate

negative elements in the adolescent-parent relationship for adolescents

with insecure-preoccupied patterns of response to the Adult Attachment

Interview. Finally, the fifth paper looks at the constructs of shyness,

attachment and child-teacher relationships in the preschool years.

  _____ 

Title:   Predictors of young adults' representations of and behavior in

their current romantic relationship: Prospective tests of the prototype

hypothesis.   

Author(s):     Roisman, Glenn I., University of Illinois at

Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, US, roisman@uiuc.edu;

Collins, W. Andrew, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Campus, MN, US;

Sroufe, L. Alan, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Campus, MN, US;

Egeland, Byron, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Campus, MN, US

Address:        Roisman, Glenn I., Department of Psychology, University

of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 603 East Daniel Street, Champaign, IL,

US, roisman@uiuc.edu        

Source:   Attachment & Human Development, Vol 7(2), Jun 2005. pp. 105-121.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       Although attachment theory suggests that childhood

experiences with caregivers serve as a prototype for adult love

relationships, few explicit tests of this hypothesis exist in the

literature. Drawing on data from a longitudinal cohort followed from

birth to young adulthood, this paper examined correlates and antecedents

of young adults' representations of and behavior in their current

romantic relationship. Young adults who experienced a secure

relationship with their primary caregiver in infancy as assessed in the

Strange Situation were more likely to (a) produce coherent discourse

regarding their current romantic partnership in the context of the

Current Relationship Interview (CRI) and (b) have a higher quality

romantic relationship as observed in standard conflict and collaboration

tasks. Infant security accounted for variation in CRI security above and

beyond the observed quality of participants' current romantic

relationship. In contrast, the association between infant and romantic

security was partially mediated by individuals' self-reports about their

romantic experiences, suggesting that one plausible mechanism by which

early experiences with caregivers shape young adults' representations of

their attachments with romantic partners is through adults' expectations

for and perceptions of love relationships.

  _____ 

Title:   Couple attachment and the quality of marital relationships:

Method and concept in the validation of the new couple attachment

interview and coding system.        

Author(s):     Alexandrov, Elina O., University of Quebec, Montreal,

PQ, Canada, linosya@yahoo.ca;

Cowan, Philip A., University of California, Berkeley, CA, US;

Cowan, Carolyn Pape, University of California, Berkeley, CA, US

Address:        Alexandrov, Elina O., linosya@yahoo.ca    

Source:   Attachment & Human Development, Vol 7(2), Jun 2005. pp. 123-152.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       This study investigates links between adult attachment

and marital quality in 73 married couples, using a new Couple Attachment

Interview that was modeled after the Adult Attachment Interview but

focuses on the relationship between the partners. A coding system

(CAICS) comparing the interview protocol to prototypes for secure,

dismissing, and preoccupied attachment styles yielded continuous ratings

of all three styles, and categorical classifications of secure/insecure

for each partner. The study found direct links between couple attachment

and both self-reported and observed marital quality, with all three

continuous scores contributing uniquely to the equations. In most cases,

the continuous scores explained variation in marital quality after the

categorical security scores were entered into the regressions, although

categorical scores also contributed uniquely to the explanation of

marital quality. Pairing of partners' scores explained significant

variance in both self-reported and observed evaluations of the couple

relationship. Security of couple attachment served as a mediator in the

link between self-reported marital satisfaction and observed marital

quality. The results illustrated the interconnection of methodological

choices and theoretical advances in the study of attachment and couple

relationship quality.

  _____ 

Title:   Understanding the link between maternal adult attachment

classifications and thoughts and feelings about emotions.

Author(s):     DeOliveira, Carey Anne, Child and Parent Resource

Institute, London, ON, Canada, CareyAnne.DeOliveira@css.gov.on.ca;

Moran, Greg, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada;

Pederson, David R., University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

Address:        DeOliveira, Carey Anne, Child and Parent Resource

Institute, 600 Sanatorium Rd, London, ON, Canada,

CareyAnne.DeOliveira@css.gov.on.ca       

Source:  Attachment & Human Development, Vol 7(2), Jun 2005. pp. 153-170.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       The purpose of this study was to examine the

associations between maternal representations of attachment, as assessed

with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1996),

and mothers' thoughts and feelings about their own emotions and emotions

emerging in their toddlers. Eighty-nine adolescent mothers completed the

AAI and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D;

Radloff, 1977) and Katz, Gottman, Shapiro, and Carrere's (1997)

meta-emotion interview for parents of toddlers. Autonomous mothers

demonstrated the most open and flexible mindset around a variety of

emotions in themselves and their toddlers. Dismissing mothers exhibited

a tendency to minimize internalizing emotions in themselves and their

children, while unresolved mothers described the most emotion regulatory

difficulties.

Conference:   Society for Research in Child Development Conference,

2001  

Conference Notes:    Portions of this paper were presented at the

aforementioned conference.

  _____ 

Title:   Leaving home for college: A potentially stressful event for

adolescents with preoccupied attachment patterns.       

Author(s):     Bernier, Annie, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ,

Canada, annie.bernier@umontreal.ca;

Larose, Simon, Laval University, Quebec City, PQ, Canada;

Whipple, Natasha, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada

Address:        Bernier, Annie, Department of Psychology, University of

Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Downtown Station, Montreal, PQ, Canada, H3C

3J7, annie.bernier@umontreal.ca    

Source: Attachment & Human Development, Vol 7(2), Jun 2005. pp. 171-185.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       Sixty-two high school students, 28 of which were

planning on leaving home to attend college, completed the Adult

Attachment Interview and self-report questionnaires pertaining to their

relationship with their parents. Compared to their autonomous

counterparts, preoccupied students who had left home reported having a

more negative relationship with each parent and experiencing more

family-related stress. However, they reported having more contact with

each parent. In contrast, no attachment differences with regards to

perceptions of the parent-adolescent relationship were found among

students who lived at home while in college. This suggests that

individual differences related to attachment state of mind in

adolescence may be magnified by a stressful life experience.

  _____ 

Title:   Representations of attachment to parents and shyness as

predictors of children's relationships with teachers and peer competence

in preschool. 

Author(s):     Rydell, Ann-Margret, Uppsala University, Uppsala,

Sweden, annmargret.rydell@psyk.uu.se;

Bohlin, Gunilla, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;

Thorell, Lisa B., Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Address:        Rydell, Ann-Margret, Department of Psychology, PO Box

1225, S-751 42, Uppsala, Sweden, annmargret.rydell@psyk.uu.se        

Source: Attachment & Human Development, Vol 7(2), Jun 2005. pp. 187-204.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       In a group of 112 children (46% boys), representations

of attachment to parents and shyness at age 5 were used as predictors of

social relationships in preschool at age 6. A Story Completion task was

used to assess attachment representations and shyness was assessed

through parent ratings and observations. Preschool teachers rated the

child-teacher relationship and the child's peer competence. Children

with avoidant representations had more conflictual and less close

teacher relationships, and showed less prosocial orientation with peers

than did children with secure attachment representations. Children with

bizarre-ambivalent representations had somewhat less intimate teacher

relationships and less social initiative with peers than did children

with secure representations. Shy children had less close and less

conflictual teacher relationships and somewhat less social initiative

with peers than did non-shy children. There was one marginally

significant interaction effect of the quality of attachment

representations and shyness on social relationships.

  _____ 

Title:   Emotionally Focused Therapy for Couples and Attachment Theory.       

Author(s):     Crawley, Jim, malup2@westnet.com.au;

Grant, Jan, Master of Psychology Programme, Curtin University, WAU,

Australia, j.grant@curtin.edu.au

Address:        Crawley, Jim, 15 Colin Street, West Perth, WAU,

Australia, 6005, malup2@westnet.com.au  

Source:         Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, Vol 26(2),

Jun 2005. pp. 82-89.

Publisher:      Australia: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family

Therapy

Abstract:       Emotionally focused therapy for couples (EFTC) is an

important framework for couples therapy. It provides an integrative

model, drawing upon experiential, systems and attachment theory to

understand the dynamics of the couple relationship and to describe the

therapeutic process. The aim of this paper is to ask how EFTC uses

attachment theory, and whether it draws as fully as it can upon the

richness of that theory to inform the process of therapy. This is set in

the context of the evolving importance of attachment theory for

therapeutic work.  

  _____ 

Title:   Book Review: Attachment Processes in Couple and Family Therapy.      

Author(s):     Jones, Sarah

Source:         Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, Vol 26(2),

Jun 2005. pp. 111-112.

Publisher:      Australia: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family

Therapy

Reviewed Item:        Susan Johnson; Valerie Whiffen (Eds.) (2003). Attachment

Processes in Couple and Family Therapy; NY, 2003. Hard cover, pp.410.

Abstract:       Reviews the book "Attachment Processes in Couple and

Family Therapy, (see record 2004-00020-000) edited by Susan Johnson and

Valerie Whiffen. In the first section of the book, we are given an

introduction to the dynamics of attachment relationships. This is

followed by a description of the nature of couple and family

relationships, from cradle to grave. Subsequent chapters concern

infants, adolescence, culture, same-sex couples, fostering, chronic

pain, child sexual abuse and depression; all from within an

attachment-theory framework. Each chapter begins with a review of the

concepts of attachment theory which pertain to the theme being examined.

The reader is then led through an explanation of characteristic

interpersonal patterns and how these can be understood by considering

different attachment styles and patterns of interaction. This is just

the book that could reach the whole array of family and couple

therapists, parent-infant therapists, case managers, family support

workers, hospital professionals, maternal and child health nurses,

mental health clinicians. That is to say, it's a book for just about

anyone who works with the suffering of the human condition--the infants,

the elderly, and just about everyone in between.

  _____ 

Title:   Emotional Cutoff: Bowen Family Systems Theory Perspectives.  

Author(s):     Brown, Jenny, Family Systems Institute, Sydney, NSW,

Australia

Address:        Brown, Jenny, Family Systems Institute, 30 Grosvenor St,

Neutral Bay, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2089

Source:         Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, Vol 26(2),

Jun 2005. pp. 115-116.

Publisher:      Australia: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family

Therapy

Reviewed Item:        Peter Titelman (Ed.) (2003). Emotional Cutoff: Bowen

Family Systems Theory Perspectives; Binghamton, NY, Haworth Clinical

Practice Press, 2003.

Abstract:       Reviews the book "Emotional Cutoff: Bowen Family Systems

Theory Perspectives," (see record 2003-88157-000), edited by Peter

Titelman. This is a monumental book which takes one of Bowen's eight

theoretical concepts and explores it from multiple angles. The reader is

taken on a rich journey into Bowen's systems thinking through the

experiences of therapists writing about themselves in their own

families, case examples and reflections on biological and societal

processes. It has something for both the novice and experienced systems

therapist. Klever's chapter on 'Marital Functioning and

Multigenerational Fusion and Cutoff and Ferrara's chapter on 'The

Continuum of Emotional Cutoff in Divorce' are must reads for couple

therapists. This is a book to dip into at the level that engages each

reader, rather than necessarily a book to read from cover to cover.

  _____ 

Title:   Editorial: Pilates for Family Therapists: Strengthening the

Core.  

Author(s):     Pavlin, Helen

Source:         Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, Vol 26(2),

Jun 2005. pp. iii-iv.

Publisher:      Australia: Australian & New Zealand Journal of Family

Therapy

Abstract:       Editorial presents views on the articles appearing in

this issue of the journal. All the articles are centered around the

theme of couples. Here we are in the territory of attachment and the

intrapsychic. One of the authors writes of inviting her couple clients

to take 'leave of absence' from their current difficulties and

participate in autobiography in the presence of the other. Another

contributor offers a highly refreshing description of his own movement

from 'a more ordered and sequential exploration of a couple's

relationship problems to a more free floating question and answer

session'. Another article emphasises cognitive restructuring as a

critical component in couples therapy. Pointing out that systems and

cognitive behavioural perspectives share 'an emphasis on

multidirectional, reciprocal influence', the author contrasts the

refraining, reflective approach of the former with the more directive

approach of the latter with its focus on restructuring the core beliefs

or 'schemas' which shape people's perceptions of their experiences.

  _____ 

Title:   Personality and attachment in adolescence.        

Author(s):     Ma, K., Parkview Clinic, Birmingham, United Kingdom,

kenkama@yahoo.co.uk

Address:        Ma, K., Parkview Clinic, 60 Queensbridge Road, Moseley,

Birmingham, United Kingdom, B13 8QE, kenkama@yahoo.co.uk   

Source:         British Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 186(6), Jun 2005. pp.

541-542.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Royal College of Psychiatrists

Abstract:       Comments on the article by D. Westen et al (see record

2005-03128-013) which examined the assessment of adolescent personality

psychopathology. The current author notes that for a variety of reasons,

there is a reluctance among many British adolescent mental health

clinicians to diagnose personality disorders in their patients, despite

the clear presence often of the requisite diagnostic features. This

study shows that personality disorders in adolescents can be validly

diagnosed, whether using an established framework such as the DSM-IV or

a new, empirically derived taxonomy. Furthermore, the current author

argues that it is perhaps logical to hypothesise that some personality

trait constellations are disorders of attachment. However, there is

still no easily administered validated measure of adolescent attachment

in widespread clinical use currently in the UK. Surely, this is a

deficit that needs to be addressed.

  _____ 

Title:   A Place for Attachment Theory in Child Life Programming: The

Potential to Assess the Quality of Parent-child Relationships.     

Author(s):     Turner, Joan C., Mount Saint Vincent University,

Halifax, NS, Canada, joan.turner@msvu.ca

Address:        Turner, Joan C., Department of Child and Youth Study,

Mount Saint Vincent University, E344, Halifax, NS, Canada, B3M 2J6,

joan.turner@msvu.ca

Source:  Child & Youth Care Forum, Vol 34(3), Jun 2005. pp. 195-207.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer

Abstract:       Child Life Specialists (CLS) working in pediatric health

care settings provide programs designed to reduce the stress and anxiety

associated with hospitalization and illness for children and families.

Assessment in child life practice typically includes attention to a

range of variables found to influence the response of children and

families to the stressors of hospitalization. With roots in observations

of early separation experiences, attachment theory may serve as an

appropriate framework from which CLS may clarify the central role of the

parent-child relationship to the well being of the child. Recognition of

distinctions among secure, avoidant and resistant attachment

relationships can inform child life assessment and interventions

designed to address the specific needs of the child and family.

  _____ 

Title:   Informed decisions in child welfare: The use of attachment

theory.         

Author(s):     Mennen, Ferol E., University of Southern California,

School of Social Work, Los Angeles, CA, US, mennen@usc.edu;

O'Keefe, Maura, University of Southern California, School of Social

Work, Los Angeles, CA, US

Address:        Mennen, Ferol E., University of Southern California,

School of Social Work, MC0411, Los Angeles, CA, US, mennen@usc.edu

Source:         Children & Youth Services Review, Vol 27(6), Jun 2005. pp.

577-593.

Publisher:      Netherlands: Elsevier Science

Abstract:       The purpose of this article is to help child welfare

workers better understand and utilize attachment theory in their

decision making with abused and neglected children. The authors review

attachment theory, research on the effects of maltreatment on

attachment, and research on foster care and attachment. Guidelines and

specific interventions supporting children's secure attachments during

involvement with the child welfare process (e.g., before placement, at

time of placement, during placement, and at reunion) are provided.

  _____ 

Title:   Obsessive compulsive disorder: A review of possible specific

internal representations within a broader cognitive theory.        

Author(s):     Doron, Guy, Department of Psychology, University of,

Melbourne, VIC, Australia, gdoron@unimelb.edu.au;

Kyrios, Michael, Department of Psychology, University of, Melbourne,

VIC, Australia

Address:        Doron, Guy, Department of Psychology, University of

Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3010, gdoron@unimelb.edu.au    

Source:   Clinical Psychology Review, Vol 25(4), Jun 2005. pp. 415-432.

Publisher:      Netherlands: Elsevier Science

Abstract:       Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most

incapacitating of anxiety disorders, and is rated as a leading cause of

disability by the World Health Organization (1996). Current cognitive

models of OCD have focused on beliefs and management strategies involved

in the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of OCD. However,

despite evidence of their association to psychopathology, few

researchers have applied the idea of underlying cognitive-affective

structures, such as perceptions about the self and world, as operating

in individuals with obsessive-compulsive thoughts and behaviors. This

paper critically engages with current cognitive, developmental, and

attachment research associated with views about the self and world. It

is argued that consideration of such underlying cognitive-affective

vulnerabilities may lead to a broader understanding of the development

and maintenance of OCD. Consistent with previous theoretical work (e.g.

Guidano, V. R, & Liotti, G. (1983). Cognitive processes and emotional

disorders. New York: The Guilford Press.), we also argue that early

experiences of parenting lead to the development of a dysfunctional

self-structure and world-view relevant to OCD. Thus, this paper aims to

extend the focus of current OCD research by exploring the possible role

of a broader range of underlying vulnerability structures in the

development and maintenance of OCD-related dysfunctional beliefs and

symptoms.

  _____ 

Title:   Cognitive reactivity and vulnerability: Empirical evaluation of

construct activation and cognitive diatheses in unipolar depression.     

Author(s):     Scher, Christine D., Department of Psychology,

California State University, San Bernardino, CA, US, cscher@csusb.edu;

Ingram, Rick E., Department of Psychology, University of Kansas,

Lawrence, KS, US, reingram@ku.edu;

Segal, Zindel V., Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of

Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

Address:        Ingram, Rick E., Department of Psychology, University of

Kansas, 1415 Jayhawk Boulevard, Lawrence, KS, US, reingram@ku.edu 

Source:         Clinical Psychology Review, Vol 25(4), Jun 2005. pp. 487-510.

Publisher:      Netherlands: Elsevier Science

Abstract:       Cognitive vulnerability is a central concept in

cognitive theories of unipolar depression. This idea suggests that

negative cognitive factors emerge during stressful situations, and that

this cognitive reactivity is critical for the onset, relapse, and

recurrence of depression. The number of empirical investigations that

model the diathesis-stress nature of cognitive reactivity has

substantially increased within the last decade. This review examines

this literature, with a focus on priming and longitudinal designs.

Extant research supports the concept of cognitive vulnerability to

depression among adults, and support is accruing for the validity of

this concept among children. Research that examines direct links between

cognitive vulnerability and depression onset, relapse, and recurrence

and the attachment origins of cognitive vulnerability is also accruing,

although at a slower pace.

  _____ 

Title:   Loss and mourning in immigration: Using the assimilation model

to assess continuing bonds with native culture.   

Author(s):     Henry, Hani M., Miami University, Oxford,, OH, US,

henryhm@muohio.edu;

Stiles, William B., Miami University, Oxford,, OH, US;

Biran, Mia W., Miami University, Oxford,, OH, US

Address:        Henry, Hani M., Department of Psychology, Miami

University, 136 Benton Hall, Oxford, OH, US, henryhm@muohio.edu       

Source:         Counselling Psychology Quarterly, Vol 18(2), Jun 2005. Special

issue: Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale: Expanding

Possibilities. pp. 109-119.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       This study examined the process of loss and mourning

associated with immigration. Three broadcast interviews from Al-Jazeera

network, an Arabic satellite channel, revealed different responses of

Arab immigrants to losing their native culture. Theoretically, clinging

to the lost culture may lead to isolation and ethnocentric withdrawal. A

healthier response to loss is to mourn it. According to the Continuing

Bonds model of mourning, immigrants incorporate elements of their native

culture such as their families, friends, identity, language, values and

traditions, into their new life structure. Instead of abandoning their

emotional attachments to these cultural elements, immigrants may use

them as resources that may help them adjust to their new countries and

solve many problems they may face. The Assimilation Model, which has

been used to assess psychotherapeutic progress, provides a language for

describing a sequence through which elements of lost culture are

assimilated into the immigrant's new life structure. This study revealed

that a continuing bond with the lost culture is a pan of the full

assimilation and mourning of this culture.

  _____ 

Title:   Attachment and learning: Part II: The learning profile of the

avoidant and disorganized attachment patterns.  

Author(s):     Geddes, Heather, Caspari Foundation, London, United

Kingdom, angel@hgeddes.fsnet.co.uk

Address:        Geddes, Heather, 8 Blagdon Walk, Teddington, London,

United Kingdom, TW11 9LN, angel@hgeddes.fsnet.co.uk  

Source:         Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties, Vol 10(2), Jun 2005. pp.

79-93.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       Using the framework of Attachment Theory, and following

on from Part 1, further patterns of Attachment Behaviour are described

and linked to responses in the classroom. The Avoidant and Disorganized

patterns are described and linked to responses in the classroom to the

teacher and to the educational task illustrated by examples from

practice. Possibilities for intervention within a learning framework are

presented and discussed with a view to enhancing teacher's understanding

of classroom behaviour and their responses through practice.

  _____ 

Title:   Rebuilding Attachments with Traumatized Children: Healing from

Losses, Violence, Abuse and Neglect.       

Author(s):     Berry, Rita, Barnes Junior School, Tyne and Wear, United

Kingdom

Source:         Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties, Vol 10(2), Jun 2005. pp.

163-164.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Reviewed Item:        Richard Kegan (2004). Rebuilding Attachments with

Traumatized Children: Healing from Losses, Violence, Abuse and Neglect;

Binghamton, NY: Haworth Maltreatment and Trauma Press, 2004. ISBN

0-7890-1544-7. pbk. 355 pp.

Abstract:       Book review of Rebuilding Attachments with Traumatized

Children: Healing from Losses, Violence, Abuse and Neglect (see record

2004-15370-000). This is a book which would make useful reading for

those working on a day-to-day basis with children who have experienced

physical and/or emotional trauma. All readers would benefit from

considering the theoretical background Kegan provides in relation to

attachment. He addresses how traumatic experiences can have negative

biological consequences on physical and brain development as well as

stifling social and emotional development. Kegan emphasizes that society

will have to be committed to invest in well trained practitioners, as

well as be prepared to devote extended periods of time to allow for

traumatized children and their carers to work through the behaviour

difficulties and issues that their traumatic experiences have raised.

Kegan also importantly suggests that more advantage needs to be taken of

community-based resources and especially of a child's extended family

members. Both tend to be in better positions to commit long term to a

child in need than a professional with an ever-changing case load.

  _____ 

Title:   Stop Arguing With Your Kids: How to Win the Battle of Wills by

Making Your Children Feel Heard.    

Author(s):     Safier, Ellen J., Independent practice, Houston, TX, US

Source:         Families, Systems, & Health, Vol 23(2), Sum 2005. pp. 239-241.

Publisher:      US: Educational Publishing Foundation

Reviewed Item:        Michael P. Nichols (2004). Stop Arguing With Your Kids:

How to Win the Battle of Wills by Making Your Children Feel Heard;

Guilford Press; New York, 2004, 227 pp.

Abstract:       Reviews the book Stop Arguing With Your Kids: How to Win

the Battle of Wills by Making Your Children Feel Heard, by Michael P.

Nichols (see record 2004-17217-000). Michael P. Nichols takes on the

challenge of helping parents to navigate the minefields in their family,

especially the complex decisions involved in developing healthy

parent-child attachments. He delivers an exceptionally thoughtful work

on the common dilemmas of parenting as well as a new set of lenses

through which to explore challenges. The book is well written, easy to

read, inexpensive, and clear. It is the perfect book for pediatricians,

family practice physicians, and mental health professionals to have on

their shelf, ready for loan. The centerpiece of the book is the idea of

"responsive listening." The goal is to actually find out what is in the

child's mind; to be able to identify feelings, wishes, thoughts, and

desires; and to actually have a conversation that acknowledges and

honors those very personal experiences. There is a significant focus on

how to develop positive interactions in situations that have turned

profoundly negative. In the process of responsive listening, parents,

rather than losing authority, can be far more effective.

  _____ 

Title:   Going to College and Unpacking Hazing: A Functional Approach to

Decrypting Initiation Practices Among Undergraduates.   

Author(s):     Keating, Caroline F., Department of Psychology, Colgate

University, Hamilton, NY, US, ckeating@mail.colgate.edu;

Pomerantz, Jason, Department of Psychology, Colgate University,

Hamilton, NY, US;

Pommer, Stacy D., Department of Psychology, Colgate University,

Hamilton, NY, US;

Ritt, Samantha J. H., Department of Psychology, Colgate University,

Hamilton, NY, US;

Miller, Lauren M., Department of Psychology, Colgate University,

Hamilton, NY, US;

McCormick, Julie, Department of Psychology, Colgate University,

Hamilton, NY, US

Address:        Keating, Caroline F., Department of Psychology, Colgate

University, Hamilton, NY, US, ckeating@mail.colgate.edu 

Source:         Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, Vol 9(2), Jun

2005. pp. 104-126.

Publisher:      US: Educational Publishing Foundation

Abstract:       Initiation practices likely support group functioning by

promoting group-relevant skills and attitudes, reinforcing status

hierarchies, and stimulating cognitive, behavioral, and affective forms

of social dependency. In field tests of these propositions, 269

undergraduates from same-gender organizations rated their initiation

experiences. As predicted, athletes reported relatively more physical

challenge and pain, whereas members of Greek-letter organizations

reported more social deviance and embarrassment. Hierarchy was

positively associated with initiations featuring social deviance but

unexpectedly negatively related to physically and psychologically harsh

initiations. Harsh treatment and fun independently predicted group

identity. Laboratory experiments on male (n = 74) and female (n = 37)

undergraduates found that discomforting inductions increased social

dependence on group opinion and, for women, increased additional forms

of dependence (proximity to induction agents and negative mood when left

alone). The results across studies suggested that hazing's task masters

are 3: schooling skills and attitudes, conveying hierarchy, and

promoting social dependency.

  _____ 

Title:   Evolved mechanisms in adolescent anxiety and depression

symptoms: The role of the attachment and social rank systems.

Author(s):     Irons, C., Mental Health Research Unit, Kings-way

Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom;

Gilbert, P., Mental Health Research Unit, Kings-way Hospital, Derby,

United Kingdom, p.gilbert@derby.ac.uk

Address:        Gilbert, P., Mental Health Research Unit, Kings-way

Hospital, Derby, United Kingdom, DE22 3LZ, p.gilbert@derby.ac.uk       

Source:   Journal of Adolescence, Vol 28(3), Jun 2005. pp. 325-341.

Publisher:      Netherlands: Elsevier Science

Abstract:       One hundred and forty adolescent students were assessed

on measures of attachment, social rank (social comparison and submissive

behaviour), and depression and anxiety symptoms. Secure attachment was

significantly correlated with positive social comparison and inversely

with submissive behaviour, depression and anxiety symptoms. In contrast,

insecure attachment of both avoidance and ambivalence was associated

with unfavourable comparison with others, and positively correlated with

submissive behaviour, depression and anxiety symptoms. Exploring the

relationship of attachment with depression and anxiety symptoms revealed

that this link might have different routes through social rank

perceptions. For secure attachment, social rank concerns (i.e. social

comparison and submissive behaviour) did not mediate the linkage with

anxiety or depression symptoms. However, for insecure attachment, social

rank concerns showed either a partial or complete mediation of these

relationships. This data may indicate that insecure attachment

sensitizes individuals to become focused on the competitive dynamics of

groups, the power of others to shame, hurt or reject, and the need to

defend against these possibilities.

  _____ 

Title:   What does the child analyst bring to Jungian thought?    

Author(s):     Allain-Dupré, Brigitte

Source:         Journal of Analytical Psychology, Vol 50(3), Jun 2005. pp.

351-365.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing

Abstract:       The author wants to show the influence that the

historical acknowledgement of child therapy at the Jerusalem IAAP

Congress in 1983 has had today on the Jungian world, especially on the

clinical approach to their patients by analysts working only with adult

patients. If her conclusions do not allow her to dissociate the strong

influence on psychoanalysis of contemporary research on attachment

theory and mother-child relationship from a specific Jungian child

therapists' perspective, she points out, through three examples from

Jungian literature, how the need for a metapsychology of development and

the study of primary and personal aspects of the patient's life are

explicit in the work and research of analysts working with adults.

  _____ 

Title:   Job Insecurity Spillover to Key Account Management: Negative

Effects on Performance, Effectiveness, Adaptiveness, and Esprit De

Corps.

Author(s):     Reisel, William D., St. John's University, Staten

Island, NY, US, reiselw@stjohns.edu.;

Chia, Swee-Lim, La Salle University, US;

Maloles, Cesar M. III, California State University, CA, US

Address:        Reisel, William D., Tobin College of Business

Administration, St. John's University, 300 Howard Avenue, Staten Island,

NY, US, reiselw@stjohns.edu.        

Source:  Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol 19(4), Jun 2005. pp.

483-503.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer

Abstract:       Most of the existing research on outcomes of job

insecurity has identified individual-level burdens such as reduced

attitudinal attachments toward work and well being. Far fewer studies

have examined work-related outcomes that are of substantial concern to

organizational success. In this paper, we investigated four new

work-related outcomes of job insecurity that are part of the literature

on key account management (KAM): customer performance, effectiveness

with customers, adaptiveness to changing competitive conditions, and

esprit de corps. A total of 353 U.S. based employees participated. The

findings of this research suggest that job insecure workers perceive

their organizations to be ineffective in delivering on all four KAM

outcomes.

  _____ 

Title:   Substance Use, Related Problem Behaviors and Adult Attachment in

a Sample of High Risk Older Adolescent Women.   

Author(s):     Golder, Seana, Kent School of Social Work, University of

Louisville, Louisville, KY, US, seana.golder@louisville.edu;

Gillmore, Mary Rogers, School of Social Work, University of Washington,

Seattle, WA, US;

Spieker, Susan, Family and Child Nursing, University of Washington,

Seattle, WA, US;

Morrison, Diane, School of Social Work, University of Washington,

Seattle, WA, US

Address:        Golder, Seana, Kent School of Social Work, University of

Louisville, Louisville, KY, US, seana.golder@louisville.edu  

Source:         Journal of Child and Family Studies, Vol 14(2), Jun 2005. pp.

181-193.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer

Abstract:       We tested a hypothesis about the usefulness of

attachment theory in aiding our understanding of substance use and

related problem behaviors among a high-risk group of women. The data

were from an ongoing longitudinal study of pregnant and parenting

adolescents, and were collected via interview at 5.5 and 6 years

postpartum (n = 232). At enrollment, the respondents were an average age

of 16. Using regressing analysis (OLS and logistic), differences in

attachment security were found to be related to substance use and

related problem behaviors and attachment differences in behavior were

found to be partially mediated by psychological distress.

  _____ 

Title:   Associations Among Family Structure, Demographics, and

Adolescent Perceived Life Satisfaction.     

Author(s):     Zullig, Keith J., Department of Physical Education,

Health, and Sport Studies, Miami University, Oxford, OH, US,

ZulligKJ@muohio.edu;

Valois, Robert F., Arnold School of Public Health, University of South

Carolina, Columbia, SC, US;

Huebner, E. Scott, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of

South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US;

Drane, J. Wanzer, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South

Carolina, Columbia, SC, US

Address:        Zullig, Keith J., Department of Physical Education,

Health, and Sport Studies, Miami University, Oxford, OH, US,

ZulligKJ@muohio.edu 

Source:         Journal of Child and Family Studies, Vol 14(2), Jun 2005. pp.

195-206.

Publisher:      Germany: Springer

Abstract:       Relationships between perceived life satisfaction and

family structure were examined among 5,021 public high school

adolescents using the self-report CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS).

Adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses and multivariate models

(via SUDAAN) constructed separately, revealed significant race by gender

effects. Living with other relatives, non-relatives, or guardians was

significantly related (p < .01) to reported life dissatisfaction for all

race and gender groups, except black males. However, white females and

males living with both parents were significantly less likely (p < .001)

to report dissatisfaction with life. Black females living with their

mothers only were also significantly less likely (p < .001) to report

dissatisfaction with life while black males living with their fathers

only and white females living with their mother and another adult/adults

were significantly more likely (p <.01) to report dissatisfaction with

life. Differing family structures appear to exert disparate effects for

life satisfaction on adolescents as a function of race and/or gender.

Thus, a particular health promotion intervention may not benefit all

adolescents. Intervention efforts must be tailored to adolescents'

specific race and gender characteristics.

  _____ 

Title:   Multimodal Homesickness Prevention in Boys Spending 2 Weeks at a

Residential Summer Camp.   

Author(s):     Thurber, Christopher A., Phillips Exeter Academy,

Exeter, NH, US, cthurber@exeter.edu

Address:        Thurber, Christopher A., Department of Psychology,

Phillips Exeter Academy, 20 Main Street, Exeter, NH, US,

cthurber@exeter.edu

Source:         Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol 73(3), Jun

2005. pp. 555-560.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn

Abstract:       Homesickness is the distress or impairment caused by an

actual or anticipated separation from home. It is characterized by

preoccupying thoughts of home and attachment objects. In its severe

form, homesickness is subjectively distressing and has clinically

significant cognitive, emotional, and behavioral sequelae. This study

provided 75 boys who ranged in age from 8 to 16 years and who were

1st-year campers at an overnight summer camp with an inexpensive,

multimodal homesickness prevention package. Results suggest that

combining environmental information, psychoeducation, social support,

explicit coping instruction, caregiver education, practice time away

from home, and surrogate caregiver training can reduce homesickness and

associated behavior problems. These data support the theory that novelty

reduction, attitudinal shifts, preseparation coping enhancement, and

supportive social environments diminish the negative emotional intensity

of homesickness.

  _____ 

Title:   Representations of Early Family Relationships Predict Marital

Maintenance During the Transition to Parenthood.

Author(s):     Curran, Melissa, Department of Human Development and

Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, US,

macurran@mail.utexas.edu;

Hazen, Nancy, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences,

University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, US;

Jacobvitz, Deborah, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences,

University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, US;

Feldman, Amy, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences,

University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, US

Address:        Curran, Melissa, Department of Human Development and

Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, US,

macurran@mail.utexas.edu  

Source:  Journal of Family Psychology, Vol 19(2), Jun 2005. pp. 189-197.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn   

Abstract:       Marital maintenance, which involves engaging in

behaviors that maintain closeness and is critical to sustaining marital

satisfaction, was examined in 234 husbands and wives across the

transition to parenthood. Prenatal assessments of adults' attachment

representations and memories of their parents' marriage during childhood

predicted perceptions of maintenance in their own marriage prenatally

and 24 months postpartum. Adults who dismiss the importance of early

attachment and lack believable memories of their parents' marriage

reported the lowest levels of prenatal maintenance. Adults who are

preoccupied with their early relationships with parents and have

negative memories of their parents' marriage reported the sharpest

declines in maintenance postpartum. Family interventions that can help

couples recognize and explore problems that may accompany parenthood are

discussed.

  _____ 

Title:   The needs of staff who care for people with a diagnosis of

personality disorder who are considered a risk to others. 

Author(s):     Kurtz, Arabella, University of Leicester, Centre for

Applied Psychology, Leicester, United Kingdom, ak106@leicester.ac.uk

Address:        Kurtz, Arabella, Doctoral Programme in Clinical

Psychology, University of Leicester, Centre for Applied Psychology,

Clinical Section, 104 Regent Road, Leicester, United Kingdom, LE1 7LT,

ak106@leicester.ac.uk        

Source:         Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, Vol 16(2), Jun

2005. pp. 399-422.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       In recent years much attention has been given to the

question of how to manage individuals with a diagnosis of personality

disorder who are judged to be a risk to others. This review is part of a

corresponding attempt to understand the needs of those who work in

healthcare settings with such a challenging group. Current political and

service developments are described and the potential effects of these on

staff are outlined. The patient group is briefly defined to inform

discussion of the impact on staff of the work situation at both

individual and organisational levels. The needs of staff in dealing

therapeutically with the patient group are considered, drawing on ideas

from psychoanalytic, organisational, and attachment theories. Staff

needs are discussed in the light of the findings of research evaluating

interventions with offenders and individuals with a diagnosis of

personality disorder. Studies of ward atmosphere and team functioning

are reviewed in order to enhance understanding of the environmental

needs of staff. Research into the associations between job satisfaction,

occupational stress, and burnout is considered. The implications of the

review for developing understanding of the needs of staff are

summarised. A table is presented describing these. The main areas

identified are: the importance of staff receiving regular clinical

supervision which incorporates the opportunity to reflect on the

personal impact of therapeutic work; the value of group supervision

aimed at building awareness of the way in which patients influence staff

members' relationships with each other; the need for help from managers

and senior clinicians in developing an integrated sense of a complex and

potentially contradictory task; and the usefulness of training staff

with regard to research into the effectiveness of different

interventions to counter therapeutic pessimism and encourage

evidence-based practice.

  _____ 

Title:   An Investigation of Vocational Interests and Noctcaelador.       

Author(s):     Kelly, William E., Department of Psychlogy and

Sociology, Texas A&M University - Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, US,

william.kelly@tamuk.edu

Address:        Kelly, William E., Texas A&M University - Kingsville,

Department of Psychology and Sociology, 700 University Blvd, MSC 177,

Kingsville, TX, US, william.kelly@tamuk.edu

Source:         Journal of Instructional Psychology, Vol 32(2), Jun 2005. pp.

164-166.

Publisher:      US: Journal of Instructional Psychology

Abstract:       This study explored the relationship between vocational

interests and noctcaelador, defined as strong interest in, and

psychological attachment to, the night sky. University students (N =

134) completed the Vocational Preference Inventory (Form C) and the

Noctcaelador Inventory. The results indicated that students scoring

higher on noctcaelador also tended to score higher on realistic,

investigative, artistic, and social vocational interests. Regression

analyses suggested that artistic and investigative were the only

vocational preferences which shared unique variance with noctcaelador.

The results are discussed in the context of using learner interests in

the night-sky as a teaching strategy.

  _____ 

Title:   Moral maturity and autonomy: Appreciating the significance of

Lawrence Kolhberg's Just Community.       

Author(s):     McDonough, Graham P., Ontario Institute for Studies in

Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,

gmcdonough@oise.utoronto.ca

Address:        McDonough, Graham P., Department of Theory and Policy

Studies, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of

Toronto, 252 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1V6,

gmcdonough@oise.utoronto.ca      

Source:   Journal of Moral Education, Vol 34(2), Jun 2005. pp. 199-213.

Publisher:      United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis

Abstract:       Lawrence Kohlberg's Just Community program of moral

education has conceptual significance to his theoretical work in the

field of moral development. This argument contends that a perspective

recognizing the Just Community as conceptually significant provides a

more comprehensive picture of Kohlberg's work than do critical

perspectives that limit their scope to his Structural Stage Model of

moral development. Apprehending the Just Community's conceptual

significance provides the opportunity to respond to critics, like Carol

Gilligan and Helen Haste, who have suggested that Kohlberg's work is

inattentive to notions of attachment in morality, but who either neglect

or dismiss consideration of the Just Community in making these

conclusions. The argument concludes by stating that a more

philosophically comprehensive and mature understanding of morality was

developing in Kohlberg's Just Community, a project undertaken well in

advance of these major criticisms.

  _____ 

Title:   Attachment, Self-Esteem, Worldviews, and Terror Management:

Evidence for a Tripartite Security System. 

Author(s):     Hart, Joshua, Psychology Department, University of

California, Davis, Davis, CA, US, jjhart@ucdavis.edu;

Shaver, Phillip R., Psychology Department, University of California,

Davis, Davis, CA, US;

Goldenberg, Jamie L., Psychology Department, University of California,

Davis, Davis, CA, US

Address:        Hart, Joshua, Psychology Department, University of

California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, US, jjhart@ucdavis.edu

Source:         Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol 88(6), Jun

2005. pp. 999-1013.

Publisher:      US: American Psychological Assn

Abstract:       On the basis of prior work integrating attachment theory

and terror management theory, the authors propose a model of a

tripartite security system consisting of dynamically interrelated

attachment, self-esteem, and worldview processes. Four studies are

presented that, combined with existing evidence, support the prediction

derived from the model that threats to one component of the security

system result in compensatory defensive activation of other components.

Further, the authors predicted and found that individual differences in

attachment style moderate the defenses. In Studies 1 and 2, attachment

threats motivated worldview defense among anxiously attached

participants and motivated self-enhancement (especially among avoidant

participants), effects similar to those caused by mortality salience. In

Studies 3 and 4, a worldview threat and a self-esteem threat caused

attachment-related proximity seeking among fearful participants and

avoidance of proximity among dismissing participants. The authors' model

provides an overarching framework within which to study attachment,

self-esteem, and worldviews.

  _____ 

Title:   Attachment as a moderator of the effect of security in mentoring

on subsequent perceptions of mentoring and relationship quality with

college teachers.     

Author(s):     Larose, Simon, Laval University, Quebec, PQ, Canada,

simon.larose@fse.ulaval.ca;

Bernier, Annie, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada;

Soucy, Nathalie, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada

Address:        Larose, Simon, Departement d'Etudes sur l'Enseignement

et l'Apprentissage, Faculte des Sciences de l'Education, Universite

Laval, G1K 7P4, Quebec, PQ, Canada, simon.larose@fse.ulaval.ca        

Source:         Journal of Social & Personal Relationships, Vol 22(3), Jun 2005.

pp. 399-415.

Publisher:      US: Sage Publications

Abstract:       The purpose of this study was to examine if college

students' attachment insecurity, as evaluated by the Adult Attachment

Interview, moderates the effect of affective security in mentoring on

subsequent perceptions of the mentoring program and relationship quality

with other teachers. Academically at-risk students were involved in a

10-hour mentoring program and completed measures at three points in

time. Security in mentoring was associated with a subsequent positive

perception of mentoring and with low conflict with teachers, although

not with supportive relationships with teachers. As expected, these

associations were moderated by attachment insecurity. Security in

mentoring was positively related to subsequent perceptions of mentoring

only for students showing low preoccupation with attachment, and

inversely related to conflict with teachers only for students showing

high dismissing attachment tendencies.

  _____ 

Title:   Men and Women's Attachment and Contact Patterns with Parents

During the First Year of College.     

Author(s):     Sorokou, Christina F., Department of Psychology,

American University, Washington, DC, US;

Weissbrod, Carol S., Department of Psychology, American University,

Washington, DC, US, cweissb@american.edu

Address:        Weissbrod, Carol S., Department of Psychology, American

University, Washington, DC, US, cweissb@american.edu  

Source:         Journal of Youth & Adolescence, Vol 34(3), Jun 2005. pp.

22